R\u00e1mcov\u00e1 \u00famluva OSN o zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu (UNFCCC) byla zalo\u017eena v roce 1992 s c\u00edlem stabilizovat emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f a zabr\u00e1nit nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m klimatu. UNFCCC po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed konferenci smluvn\u00edch stran (COP), kde se zem\u011b sch\u00e1zej\u00ed, aby vyjednaly a p\u0159ijaly dohody o zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu a p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed se j\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Dosa\u017een\u00ed konsensu ohledn\u011b zm\u011bny klimatu je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 z n\u011bkolika d\u016fvod\u016f. Zaprv\u00e9 je v\u011bda o zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu komplexn\u00ed a nejist\u00e1 a mezi n\u011bkter\u00fdmi v\u011bdci existuj\u00ed neshody ohledn\u011b rozsahu a z\u00e1va\u017enosti probl\u00e9mu. Zadruh\u00e9 je zm\u011bna klimatu glob\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje spolupr\u00e1ci v\u0161ech zem\u00ed, ale existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 pohledy na to, jak s n\u00edm nakl\u00e1dat. Rozvinut\u00e9 zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 historicky vypou\u0161t\u011bly nejv\u00edce sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f, tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee by m\u011bly n\u00e9st v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee v podob\u011b sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed. Rozvojov\u00e9 zem\u011b naopak tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed m\u00edt mo\u017enost rozv\u00edjet sv\u00e9 ekonomiky a \u017ee by pro n\u011b nem\u011bly platit stejn\u00e9 standardy jako pro rozvinut\u00e9 zem\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e1 klimatick\u00e1 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako COP21, se od p\u0159edchoz\u00edch klimatick\u00fdch summit\u016f li\u0161\u00ed v n\u011bkolika ohledech. Zaprv\u00e9 jsou pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e1 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed prvn\u00edmi, kter\u00e1 se konaj\u00ed v r\u00e1mci nov\u00e9ho \u201ezdola nahoru\u201c p\u0159\u00edstupu UNFCCC. V r\u00e1mci tohoto p\u0159\u00edstupu je ka\u017ed\u00e1 zem\u011b po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1na, aby se zav\u00e1zala k tomu, co pova\u017euje za nejrealisti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postup pro sv\u00e9 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 pot\u0159eby. Tyto z\u00e1vazky jsou pot\u00e9 spojeny do glob\u00e1ln\u00ed dohody.<\/p>\n\n
Zadruh\u00e9 se pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e1 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed konaj\u00ed v dob\u011b, kdy existuje rostouc\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 a politick\u00e1 v\u016fle jednat v oblasti zm\u011bny klimatu. Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed P\u00e1t\u00e1 hodnot\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1va Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00edho panelu pro zm\u011bnu klimatu v roce 2013, kter\u00e1 dosp\u011bla k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee je velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee lidsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost je dominantn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou pozorovan\u00e9ho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed od poloviny 20. stolet\u00ed, p\u0159isp\u011blo ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed o nal\u00e9havosti probl\u00e9mu zm\u011bny klimatu.<\/p>\n\n
Kj\u00f3tsk\u00fd protokol byla mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed dohoda p\u0159ijat\u00e1 v roce 1997, kter\u00e1 zavazovala rozvinut\u00e9 zem\u011b ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f v pr\u016fm\u011bru o 5 procent proti \u00farovn\u00edm z roku 1990. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nikdy neratifikovaly Kj\u00f3tsk\u00fd protokol a ten v roce 2012 vypr\u0161el.<\/p>\n\n
Rozvojov\u00e9 zem\u011b hraj\u00ed ve \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu st\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00falohu. Zat\u00edmco rozvinut\u00e9 zem\u011b historicky vypou\u0161t\u011bly nejv\u00edce sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f, rozvojov\u00e9 zem\u011b jsou nyn\u00ed zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za zna\u010dn\u00fd pod\u00edl glob\u00e1ln\u00edch emis\u00ed. Je to \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zp\u016fsobeno rychl\u00fdm r\u016fstem jejich ekonomik a rostouc\u00edm vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm fosiln\u00edch paliv.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159\u00edstup zdola nahoru je nov\u00fd zp\u016fsob vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch dohod, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159ijat na pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00edch. V r\u00e1mci tohoto p\u0159\u00edstupu je ka\u017ed\u00e1 zem\u011b po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1na, aby se zav\u00e1zala k tomu, co pova\u017euje za nejrealisti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postup pro sv\u00e9 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 pot\u0159eby. Tyto z\u00e1vazky jsou pot\u00e9 spojeny do glob\u00e1ln\u00ed dohody.<\/p>\n\n
Pravd\u011bpodobnost \u00fasp\u011bchu pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed je nejist\u00e1. Je t\u0159eba p\u0159ekonat mnoho v\u00fdzev, v\u010detn\u011b rozd\u00edln\u00fdch perspektiv rozvinut\u00fdch a rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00ed, slo\u017eitosti v\u011bdy a pot\u0159eby politick\u00e9 v\u016fle. Existuje v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 rostouc\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 a politick\u00e1 v\u016fle jednat v oblasti zm\u011bny klimatu a pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e1 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed se konaj\u00ed v dob\u011b, kdy je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pocit nal\u00e9havosti ne\u017e kdy d\u0159\u00edve.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Historie konferenc\u00ed OSN o zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu R\u00e1mcov\u00e1 \u00famluva OSN o zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu (UNFCCC) byla zalo\u017eena v roce 1992 s c\u00edlem stabilizovat emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f a zabr\u00e1nit nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m klimatu. UNFCCC…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[284],"tags":[19685,569,19686,19688,19687,291,120,97,34],"class_list":["post-14680","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-science","tag-cop21","tag-global-warming","tag-kyoto-protocol","tag-united-nations","tag-paris-climate-talks","tag-greenhouse-gases","tag-sustainability","tag-science","tag-climate-change"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14680","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14680"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14680\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14681,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14680\/revisions\/14681"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14680"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14680"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14680"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}