Astronomov\u00e9 objevili nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd objekt ve vesm\u00edru, kvasar vzd\u00e1len\u00fd 12 miliard sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let. Tento kvasar, ofici\u00e1ln\u011b pojmenovan\u00fd J059-4351, je z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00ed j\u00e1dro galaxie, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 500 bilionkr\u00e1t jasn\u011bji ne\u017e na\u0161e Slunce.<\/p>\n\n
Kvasary jsou nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed objekty v kosmu. Poh\u00e1n\u00ed je superhmotn\u00e9 \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry, kter\u00e9 aktivn\u011b pohlcuj\u00ed ob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed disk plynu a prachu. T\u0159en\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 hmotou v\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed kolem \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry uvol\u0148uje z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00ed teplo, kter\u00e9 lze vid\u011bt z velk\u00e9 d\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n\n
Kvasar J059-4351 je nejsv\u00edtiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed objekt, jak\u00fd byl kdy pozorov\u00e1n. Poh\u00e1n\u00ed ho \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra, kter\u00e1 pohlcuje v\u00edce ne\u017e jednu slune\u010dn\u00ed hmotnost ka\u017ed\u00fd den, co\u017e z n\u00ed \u010din\u00ed nejrychleji rostouc\u00ed \u010dernou d\u00edru, jakou kdy v\u011bdci vid\u011bli.<\/p>\n\n
Akre\u010dn\u00ed disk kolem \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry je 15 000kr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e vzd\u00e1lenost mezi Sluncem a Neptunem. Disk z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jasn\u011b, proto\u017ee uvol\u0148uje nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie.<\/p>\n\n
V\u011bdci nev\u011bdomky objevili tento mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b jasn\u00fd kvasar na sn\u00edmc\u00edch po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch v roce 1980 pomoc\u00ed teleskopu Schmidt Southern Sky Survey v Austr\u00e1lii. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku ho v\u0161ak chybn\u011b identifikovali jako hv\u011bzdu.<\/p>\n\n
Astronomov\u00e9 obvykle nach\u00e1zej\u00ed kvasary pomoc\u00ed model\u016f strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou vycvi\u010deny k tomu, aby zkoumaly velk\u00e9 oblasti oblohy a hledaly objekty, kter\u00e9 vypadaj\u00ed jako zn\u00e1m\u00e9 kvasary v existuj\u00edc\u00edch datech. To zt\u011b\u017euje nalezen\u00ed neobvykle jasn\u00fdch kvasar\u016f, kter\u00e9 se nepodobaj\u00ed ni\u010demu, co bylo kdy vid\u011bno.<\/p>\n\n
Minul\u00fd rok auto\u0159i studie zjistili, \u017ee objekt je ve skute\u010dnosti kvasar, a to pomoc\u00ed teleskopu v observato\u0159i Siding Spring v Austr\u00e1lii. Doplnili sv\u00e1 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed daty z Velmi velk\u00e9ho dalekohledu v Chile, aby ur\u010dili, \u017ee kvasar je nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, jak\u00fd kdy byl pozorov\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n
\u010cern\u00e1 d\u00edra v centru kvasaru J059-4351 v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejn\u011b jako 17 miliard Slunc\u00ed. Je nenasytn\u00e1 a pohlcuje mno\u017estv\u00ed materi\u00e1lu ekvivalentn\u00ed a\u017e 413 Slunc\u016fm ka\u017ed\u00fd rok.<\/p>\n\n
Kdy\u017e \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra pohlcuje hmotu, uvol\u0148uje obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie. Tato energie zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 akre\u010dn\u00ed disk na teploty 10 000 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed siln\u00e9 v\u011btry, kter\u00e9 by oblet\u011bly Zemi za sekundu.<\/p>\n\n
Sv\u011btlo z kvasaru J059-4351 trvalo asi 12 miliard let, ne\u017e k n\u00e1m dorazilo. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee vid\u00edme kvasar tak, jak vypadal p\u0159ed 12 miliardami let.<\/p>\n\n
V t\u00e9 dob\u011b byl vesm\u00edr mnohem mlad\u0161\u00ed a chaoti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je dnes. Voln\u011b kolem n\u011bj plulo v\u00edce plynu a prachu, co\u017e poskytovalo \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00ed\u0159e hojn\u00e9 z\u00e1soby potravy.<\/p>\n\n
V pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu se v\u0161ak velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st plynu a prachu ve vesm\u00edru spojila do hv\u011bzd a galaxi\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry ji\u017e nemaj\u00ed tolik materi\u00e1lu k pohlcen\u00ed, jako tomu bylo v ran\u00e9m vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n\n
V d\u016fsledku toho \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra v centru kvasaru J059-4351 nakonec p\u0159estane r\u016fst. Wolf v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee nic nikdy nep\u0159ekon\u00e1 tento rekord nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho objektu ve vesm\u00edru.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed objekt ve vesm\u00edru: Z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00ed kvasar 12 miliard sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let daleko Astronomov\u00e9 objevili nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd objekt ve vesm\u00edru, kvasar vzd\u00e1len\u00fd 12 miliard sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let. Tento kvasar, ofici\u00e1ln\u011b pojmenovan\u00fd J059-4351, je…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[437],"tags":[436,435,1441,1443,18604,1856,1232,2169],"class_list":["post-14737","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy","tag-astrophysics","tag-astronomy","tag-black-holes","tag-galaxies","tag-quasars","tag-supermassive-black-holes","tag-space","tag-universe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14737","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14737"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14737\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14738,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14737\/revisions\/14738"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14737"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14737"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14737"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}