{"id":14762,"date":"2020-04-22T22:51:39","date_gmt":"2020-04-22T22:51:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14762"},"modified":"2020-04-22T22:51:39","modified_gmt":"2020-04-22T22:51:39","slug":"solar-superflares-a-threat-to-earth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/astronomy-and-astrophysics\/solar-superflares-a-threat-to-earth\/","title":{"rendered":"Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed supererupce: Hrozba pro Zemi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed supererupce: Hrozba pro Zemi?<\/h2>\n\n

Co jsou slune\u010dn\u00ed erupce a supererupce?<\/h2>\n\n

Slunce je neust\u00e1le aktivn\u00ed hv\u011bzda, kter\u00e1 do vesm\u00edru vys\u00edl\u00e1 vysokoenergetick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice. Tyto \u010d\u00e1stice mohou vytv\u00e1\u0159et slune\u010dn\u00ed erupce, co\u017e jsou n\u00e1hl\u00e9 exploze intenzivn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Slune\u010dn\u00ed erupce se mohou pohybovat od mal\u00fdch po extr\u00e9mn\u011b velk\u00e9, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed erupce se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed supererupce.<\/p>\n\n

Supererupce jsou vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, ale mohou m\u00edt ni\u010div\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro Zemi. Radiace ze supererupc\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit astronauty \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed na Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 stanici a m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 naru\u0161it komunikaci a elektrick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b na Zemi.<\/p>\n\n

Jak \u010dasto doch\u00e1z\u00ed k sol\u00e1rn\u00edm supererupc\u00edm?<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci studovali chov\u00e1n\u00ed hv\u011bzd podobn\u00fdch Slunci, aby odhadli \u010detnost sol\u00e1rn\u00edch supererupc\u00ed. Jejich v\u00fdzkum nazna\u010duje, \u017ee k supererupc\u00edm doch\u00e1z\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fdch 250 a\u017e 480 let, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e cyklus pro na\u0161i slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavu pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b trv\u00e1 kolem 350 let.<\/p>\n\n

Dopad sol\u00e1rn\u00edch supererupc\u00ed na Zemi<\/h2>\n\n

Kdyby Zemi dnes zas\u00e1hla masivn\u00ed sol\u00e1rn\u00ed supererupce, mohlo by to m\u00edt katastrofick\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky. Radiace z erupce by mohla zp\u016fsobit rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 \u0161kody na elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch a infrastruktu\u0159e, co\u017e by naru\u0161ilo komunikaci, dopravu a elektrick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdsledn\u00e1 geomagnetick\u00e1 bou\u0159e by mohla tak\u00e9 vyvolat pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00e9 jsou sice kr\u00e1sn\u00e9, ale mohou tak\u00e9 naru\u0161ovat r\u00e1diovou komunikaci a naviga\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159\u00edprava na sol\u00e1rn\u00ed supererupci<\/h2>\n\n

I kdy\u017e se dal\u0161\u00ed sol\u00e1rn\u00ed supererupce neo\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00edch 194 let, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 b\u00fdt p\u0159ipraven na mo\u017enost takov\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti. Vl\u00e1dy a organizace po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b pracuj\u00ed na v\u00fdvoji technologi\u00ed ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dink\u016f slune\u010dn\u00edch bou\u0159\u00ed, jako jsou syst\u00e9my v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed a radia\u010dn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edty.<\/p>\n\n

Carringtonova ud\u00e1lost: Varov\u00e1n\u00ed z historie<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 1859 zas\u00e1hla Zemi siln\u00e1 slune\u010dn\u00ed bou\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako Carringtonova ud\u00e1lost. Bou\u0159e zp\u016fsobila rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 \u0161kody na telegrafn\u00edch link\u00e1ch a osv\u011btlila oblohu z\u00e1\u0159ivou pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. A\u010dkoli Carringtonova ud\u00e1lost nebyla supererupc\u00ed, poskytuje n\u00e1m pohled na mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u016fsledky siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed bou\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n

Cyklus slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivity a slune\u010dn\u00ed erupce<\/h2>\n\n

\u00darove\u0148 slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivity se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu m\u011bn\u00ed, s obdob\u00edmi vysok\u00e9 a n\u00edzk\u00e9 aktivity. Slune\u010dn\u00ed erupce se \u010dast\u011bji vyskytuj\u00ed b\u011bhem obdob\u00ed vysok\u00e9 aktivity. V\u011bdci sleduj\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivitu, aby p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bli pravd\u011bpodobnost slune\u010dn\u00edch bou\u0159\u00ed a supererupc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Supererupce v jin\u00fdch hv\u011bzdn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci pozorovali supererupce na jin\u00fdch hv\u011bzd\u00e1ch v na\u0161\u00ed galaxii. Tato pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed poskytuj\u00ed cenn\u00e9 informace o povaze supererupc\u00ed a jejich potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm dopadu na planety.<\/p>\n\n

Pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee sol\u00e1rn\u00ed supererupce zas\u00e1hne Zemi v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti<\/h2>\n\n

I kdy\u017e se dal\u0161\u00ed sol\u00e1rn\u00ed supererupce neo\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00edch 194 let, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee tyto ud\u00e1losti jsou nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9. V\u011bdci neust\u00e1le studuj\u00ed Slunce a slune\u010dn\u00ed erupce, aby l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bli rizik\u016fm a vyvinuli strategie ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed jejich dopad\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed supererupce: Hrozba pro Zemi? Co jsou slune\u010dn\u00ed erupce a supererupce? Slunce je neust\u00e1le aktivn\u00ed hv\u011bzda, kter\u00e1 do vesm\u00edru vys\u00edl\u00e1 vysokoenergetick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice. Tyto \u010d\u00e1stice mohou vytv\u00e1\u0159et slune\u010dn\u00ed erupce, co\u017e jsou…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1836],"tags":[436,435,6870,19779,19780],"class_list":["post-14762","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy-and-astrophysics","tag-astrophysics","tag-astronomy","tag-space-weather","tag-solar-flares","tag-superflares"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14762","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14762"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14762\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14763,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14762\/revisions\/14763"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14762"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14762"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14762"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}