{"id":14773,"date":"2020-10-27T14:23:31","date_gmt":"2020-10-27T14:23:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14773"},"modified":"2020-10-27T14:23:31","modified_gmt":"2020-10-27T14:23:31","slug":"arctic-riches-melting-iceberg","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/earth-and-climate-science\/arctic-riches-melting-iceberg\/","title":{"rendered":"Boj o bohatstv\u00ed Arktidy: Komu pat\u0159\u00ed poklady mo\u0159e?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e taj\u00ed ledovec, komu pat\u0159\u00ed bohatstv\u00ed pod oce\u00e1nem?<\/h2>\n\n

Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed a nevyu\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zdroje Arktidy<\/h2>\n\n

Jak se v d\u016fsledku glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed taj\u00ed ledov\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvka Arktidy, zem\u011b cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta up\u00edraj\u00ed sv\u016fj zrak na obrovsk\u00e9 nevyu\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zdroje regionu, v\u010detn\u011b odhadovan\u00fdch 13 % sv\u011btov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob ropy a 30 % zemn\u00edho plynu. To vyvolalo obnoven\u00fd z\u00e1jem o pr\u016fzkum Arktidy a \u00fazemn\u00ed n\u00e1roky.<\/p>\n\n

Rusk\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na arktick\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 dno<\/h2>\n\n

Rusko bylo obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 aktivn\u00ed v prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch n\u00e1rok\u016f na arktick\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 dno. V roce 2007 zem\u011b vzty\u010dila titanovou vlajku na mo\u0159sk\u00e9m dn\u011b pobl\u00ed\u017e severn\u00edho p\u00f3lu a symbolicky si ji n\u00e1rokovala jako roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed kontinent\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161elfu Sibi\u0159e. T\u00edm by se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily rusk\u00e9 hranice tak, aby zahrnovaly oblast bohatou na z\u00e1soby ropy a zemn\u00edho plynu.<\/p>\n\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd z\u00e1jem o energetick\u00e9 projekty v Arktid\u011b<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee \u010c\u00edna nen\u00ed geograficky um\u00edst\u011bna v Arktid\u011b, projevila velk\u00fd z\u00e1jem o energetick\u00e9 zdroje regionu. Jako nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00fd spot\u0159ebitel energie \u010c\u00edna v\u00fdznamn\u011b investovala do kanadsk\u00fdch projekt\u016f ropy a zemn\u00edho plynu a tak\u00e9 se sna\u017eila p\u0159ipojit k Arktick\u00e9 rad\u011b, mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizaci, kter\u00e1 podporuje ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj v Arktid\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Arktick\u00e1 rada a spr\u00e1va Arktidy<\/h2>\n\n

Arktick\u00e1 rada hraje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed \u00falohu v \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed arktick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u00fazemn\u00edch spor\u016f. \u010clensk\u00e9 zem\u011b zahrnuj\u00ed Kanadu, D\u00e1nsko, Finsko, Island, Norsko, Rusko, \u0160v\u00e9dsko a Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, jako\u017e i z\u00e1stupce domorod\u00fdch obyvatel Arktidy. S rostouc\u00edmi s\u00e1zkami v Arktid\u011b se politiky a rozhodnut\u00ed rady st\u00e1vaj\u00ed st\u00e1le kriti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi.<\/p>\n\n

Kanada a Severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed pr\u016fjezd<\/h2>\n\n

Kanada si n\u00e1rokuje svrchovanost nad \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Severoz\u00e1padn\u00edho pr\u016fjezdu, legend\u00e1rn\u00ed arktick\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed trasy, kter\u00e1 se v roce 2007 poprv\u00e9 stala bez ledu. Tato trasa je v\u00fdrazn\u011b krat\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tradi\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed cesta p\u0159es Panamsk\u00fd pr\u016fplav, co\u017e z n\u00ed \u010din\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed pro sv\u011btov\u00fd obchod. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a Evropa v\u0161ak kanadsk\u00e9 n\u00e1roky zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed s t\u00edm, \u017ee pr\u016fjezd je mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vodn\u00ed cestou.<\/p>\n\n

USA a Severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed pr\u016fjezd<\/h2>\n\n

Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b Arktidy si Rusko n\u00e1rokuje vlastnictv\u00ed Severov\u00fdchodn\u00edho pr\u016fjezdu, kter\u00fd se v letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch st\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le splavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm. Tato zkratka mezi Asi\u00ed a Evropou m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l zm\u011bnit sv\u011btov\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed trasy a prosp\u011bt zem\u00edm jako \u010c\u00edna.<\/p>\n\n

Technologick\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy pr\u016fzkumu energie v Arktid\u011b<\/h2>\n\n

Navzdory obrovsk\u00e9mu energetick\u00e9mu potenci\u00e1lu Arktidy nen\u00ed t\u011b\u017eba t\u011bchto zdroj\u016f snadn\u00fdm \u00fakolem. Vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a drsn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed vedly n\u011bkter\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti ke zru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch program\u016f. In\u017een\u00fd\u0159i pracuj\u00ed na v\u00fdvoji technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 odolaj\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00ed zim\u011b a ledu v arktick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Budoucnost v\u00fdroby energie v Arktid\u011b<\/h2>\n\n

Jak bude arktick\u00fd led d\u00e1le t\u00e1t, z\u00e1vod o jeho bohatstv\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zes\u00edl\u00ed. V\u00fdzvy pr\u016fzkumu Arktidy a pot\u0159eba odpov\u011bdn\u00e9ho environment\u00e1ln\u00edho spr\u00e1vcovstv\u00ed v\u0161ak budou i nad\u00e1le utv\u00e1\u0159et budoucnost v\u00fdroby energie v tomto k\u0159ehk\u00e9m regionu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e taj\u00ed ledovec, komu pat\u0159\u00ed bohatstv\u00ed pod oce\u00e1nem? Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed a nevyu\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zdroje Arktidy Jak se v d\u016fsledku glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed taj\u00ed ledov\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvka Arktidy, zem\u011b cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta up\u00edraj\u00ed sv\u016fj…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[573],"tags":[1354,36,19588,19785,1935,34],"class_list":["post-14773","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth-and-climate-science","tag-arctic","tag-environmental-science","tag-geopolitics","tag-natural-resources","tag-energy-exploration","tag-climate-change"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14773","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14773"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14773\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14774,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14773\/revisions\/14774"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14773"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14773"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14773"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}