Europa, jeden z mnoha m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f Jupitera, ji\u017e dlouho fascinuje v\u011bdce kv\u016fli sv\u00e9mu potenci\u00e1lu pro udr\u017een\u00ed \u017eivota. Pod sv\u00fdm n\u011bkolik kilometr\u016f siln\u00fdm ledov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkrovem le\u017e\u00ed obrovsk\u00fd podpovrchov\u00fd oce\u00e1n, o kter\u00e9m se odhaduje, \u017ee obsahuje v\u00edce vody ne\u017e v\u0161echny oce\u00e1ny Zem\u011b dohromady. Ned\u00e1vno se objevily d\u016fkazy nazna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee samotn\u00fd ledov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkrov m\u016f\u017ee obsahovat m\u011blk\u00e9 kapsy vody, kter\u00e9 by mohly b\u00fdt obyvateln\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n
V\u011bdci studuj\u00edc\u00ed gr\u00f3nsk\u00fd ledov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkrov objevili dvojit\u00fd h\u0159eben, kter\u00fd se podob\u00e1 t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na Europ\u011b. Anal\u00fdza t\u011bchto h\u0159eben\u016f pomoc\u00ed radaru pronikaj\u00edc\u00edho ledem odhalila, \u017ee se vytvo\u0159ily nad m\u011blk\u00fdmi t\u016fn\u011bmi vody, kter\u00e9 zamrzly, rozmrazily se a znovu zamrzly, a \u010dasem rozlomily povrch.<\/p>\n\n
V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee podobn\u00e9 kapsy vody by se mohly na Europ\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159et prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vody z podpovrchov\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu, kter\u00e1 je vytla\u010dov\u00e1na do ledov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edkrovu trhlinami. Tyto kapsy vody mohou b\u00fdt na Europ\u011b hojn\u00e9, co\u017e dokazuj\u00ed \u010detn\u00e9 h\u0159ebeny, kter\u00e9 prot\u00ednaj\u00ed jej\u00ed povrch.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159\u00edtomnost vody na Europ\u011b je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1, proto\u017ee kapaln\u00e1 voda je nezbytn\u00e1 pro \u017eivot, jak ho zn\u00e1me. Kapsy vody uvnit\u0159 ledov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edkrovu mohou b\u00fdt bl\u00edzko povrchu, kde by mohly interagovat s chemik\u00e1liemi z vesm\u00edru, jin\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a Jupiterova sope\u010dn\u00e9ho m\u011bs\u00edce Io. To by mohlo poskytnout p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro v\u00fdvoj \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n
Studium gr\u00f3nsk\u00e9ho ledov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edkrovu poskytlo cenn\u00e9 poznatky o vzniku h\u0159eben\u016f na Europ\u011b. Anal\u00fdzou dvojit\u00fdch h\u0159eben\u016f v Gr\u00f3nsku v\u011bdci z\u00edskali lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavu o tom, jak mohou m\u011blk\u00e9 kapsy vody vytv\u00e1\u0159et trhliny v ledu. Tyto znalosti lze uplatnit na Europ\u011b, kde mohou prob\u00edhat podobn\u00e9 procesy.<\/p>\n\n
V p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch letech se sondy Europa Clipper NASA a JUICE Evropsk\u00e9 kosmick\u00e9 agentury vydaj\u00ed na mise, aby podrobn\u011b prostudovaly povrch Europy. Tyto mise poskytnou v\u011bdc\u016fm p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost d\u00e1le prozkoumat ledov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkrov, hledat kapsy vody a posoudit jejich potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed obyvatelnost.<\/p>\n\n
Europa z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem v hled\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivota mimo Zemi. Jej\u00ed ledov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkrov, kter\u00fd potenci\u00e1ln\u011b obsahuje m\u011blk\u00e9 kapsy vody, p\u0159edstavuje slibn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro v\u00fdvoj a udr\u017een\u00ed \u017eivota. Jak v\u011bdci nad\u00e1le studuj\u00ed Europu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm mis\u00ed, jako jsou Europa Clipper a JUICE, m\u016f\u017eeme se p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit odhalen\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed tohoto fascinuj\u00edc\u00edho m\u011bs\u00edce.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Europa: Potenci\u00e1ln\u011b obyvateln\u00fd ledov\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc Europ\u016fv ledov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkrov Europa, jeden z mnoha m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f Jupitera, ji\u017e dlouho fascinuje v\u011bdce kv\u016fli sv\u00e9mu potenci\u00e1lu pro udr\u017een\u00ed \u017eivota. Pod sv\u00fdm n\u011bkolik kilometr\u016f siln\u00fdm ledov\u00fdm…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[494],"tags":[1216,19849,19850,19852,18150,2309,19851],"class_list":["post-14830","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-space-exploration","tag-astrobiology","tag-europa","tag-jupiters-moon","tag-icy-shell","tag-life-beyond-earth","tag-habitability","tag-water-pockets"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14830","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14830"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14830\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14831,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14830\/revisions\/14831"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14830"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14830"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14830"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}