{"id":14851,"date":"2021-04-13T00:43:35","date_gmt":"2021-04-13T00:43:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14851"},"modified":"2021-04-13T00:43:35","modified_gmt":"2021-04-13T00:43:35","slug":"wild-things-life-as-we-know-it-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/life-sciences\/wild-things-life-as-we-know-it-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Divok\u00e9 v\u011bci: \u017divot, jak ho zn\u00e1me"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Divok\u00e9 v\u011bci: \u017divot, jak ho zn\u00e1me<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hadi: Mist\u0159i pohybu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zam\u00fd\u0161leli jste se n\u011bkdy nad t\u00edm, jak hadi \u0161m\u00fdkaj\u00ed po zemi? V\u011bdci se d\u0159\u00edve domn\u00edvali, \u017ee se hadi odr\u00e1\u017eeli od kamen\u016f a v\u011btv\u00ed, aby se pohybovali vp\u0159ed. Posledn\u00ed studie v\u0161ak odhalila, \u017ee tajemstv\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v jejich \u0161upin\u00e1ch. B\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed \u0161upiny had\u016f jsou orientov\u00e1ny tak, aby se mohly zachytit o nerovnosti v zemi. Hadi dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed vyvinout dostate\u010dnou p\u00e1ku k tomu, aby se pohybovali vp\u0159ed, t\u00edm, \u017ee tla\u010d\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti sv\u00e9ho b\u0159icha dol\u016f, aby vyu\u017eili t\u00e9to t\u0159ec\u00ed s\u00edly.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Varovn\u00fd syst\u00e9m pt\u00e1k\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>S\u00fdkory sibi\u0159sk\u00e9 jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 sv\u00fdmi hlasit\u00fdmi, pronikav\u00fdmi zvuky. V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee tyto zvuky nejsou pouze reakcemi na nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. S\u00fdkory sibi\u0159sk\u00e9 ve skute\u010dnosti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 25 r\u016fzn\u00fdch zvuk\u016f, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 specifick\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Tyto zvuky mohou sd\u011blovat informace o typu pred\u00e1tora v bl\u00edzkosti (jest\u0159\u00e1b nebo sova), o m\u00ed\u0159e rizika, kterou p\u0159edstavuje, a o tom, zda jsou s\u00fdkory v okol\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sn\u011b\u017en\u00e9 ko\u0159eny: Jedine\u010dn\u00e1 adaptace rostlin<\/h2>\n\n<p>V kavkazsk\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch v\u011bdci objevili d\u0159\u00edve nezn\u00e1m\u00fd typ rostlinn\u00e9 struktury naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 \u201esn\u011b\u017en\u00e9 ko\u0159eny\u201c. Tyto ko\u0159eny se propl\u00e9taj\u00ed sn\u011bhovou pokr\u00fdvkou a absorbuj\u00ed dus\u00edk, kter\u00fd je ve sn\u011bhu zachycen. D\u00edky tomu maj\u00ed rostliny se sn\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny n\u00e1skok v kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 vegeta\u010dn\u00ed sez\u00f3n\u011b ve sv\u00e9m drsn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u016fvod sm\u00edchu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kdy za\u010dali lid\u00e9 sm\u00e1t? Aby to zjistili, v\u011bdci lechtali mlad\u00e9 lidi, \u0161impanzy, bonoby, orangutany a gorily. Zvuky, kter\u00e9 tito lidoopi vyd\u00e1vali, byly natolik podobn\u00e9, \u017ee studie dosp\u011bla k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee p\u016fvod lidsk\u00e9ho sm\u00edchu lze vysledovat p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm 10 a\u017e 16 milion\u016f let zp\u011bt k na\u0161emu spole\u010dn\u00e9mu p\u0159edkovi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vin\u00edk pohled dom\u00e1c\u00edho psa<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u0161imli jste si n\u011bkdy, \u017ee na v\u00e1s v\u00e1\u0161 pes h\u00e1z\u00ed \u201epohled pln\u00fd viny\u201c, kdy\u017e ho k\u00e1r\u00e1te? Podle studie psycholo\u017eky Alexandry Horowitzov\u00e9 nen\u00ed tento pohled reakc\u00ed na to, co pes ud\u011blal, n\u00fdbr\u017e sp\u00ed\u0161e na pok\u00e1r\u00e1n\u00ed ze strany jeho majitele. Psi d\u011blaj\u00ed pohled pln\u00fd viny, i kdy\u017e jsou zcela nevinn\u00ed, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e o nau\u010denou reakci ne\u017e o zn\u00e1mku viny.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed informace<\/h2>\n\n<p>Chcete-li z\u00edskat v\u00edce informac\u00ed o fascinuj\u00edc\u00edch t\u00e9matech pojedn\u00e1van\u00fdch v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku, nav\u0161tivte pros\u00edm n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed zdroje:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u00fdkory sibi\u0159sk\u00e9: Encyclopedia of Life<\/li>\n<li>Lidoopi: Encyclopedia of Life<\/li>\n<li>Dom\u00e1c\u00ed psi: Encyclopedia of Life<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Divok\u00e9 v\u011bci: \u017divot, jak ho zn\u00e1me Hadi: Mist\u0159i pohybu Zam\u00fd\u0161leli jste se n\u011bkdy nad t\u00edm, jak hadi \u0161m\u00fdkaj\u00ed po zemi? V\u011bdci se d\u0159\u00edve domn\u00edvali, \u017ee se hadi odr\u00e1\u017eeli od kamen\u016f&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[762],"tags":[309,136,2545,1246,252,3196,930,8903,4265],"class_list":["post-14851","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-life-sciences","tag-animal-behavior","tag-evolution","tag-snakes","tag-great-apes","tag-nature","tag-dogs","tag-birds","tag-plants","tag-laughter"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14851","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14851"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14851\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14852,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14851\/revisions\/14852"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14851"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14851"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14851"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}