P\u0159ed evropsk\u00fdm os\u00eddlen\u00edm byl Massachusetts domovem p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b deseti kmen\u016f p\u016fvodn\u00edch Ameri\u010dan\u016f. Kmen Massachusett\u016f, algonkinsky mluv\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1rod, s\u00eddlil pod\u00e9l pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed pobl\u00ed\u017e dne\u0161n\u00edho Bostonu a dal st\u00e1tu jeho jm\u00e9no. Po p\u0159\u00edchodu britsk\u00fdch kolonist\u016f na po\u010d\u00e1tku 17. stolet\u00ed v\u0161ak mnoho pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch kmen\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b Massachusett\u016f, podlehlo ne\u0161tovic\u00edm a dal\u0161\u00edm nemocem.<\/p>\n\n
N\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed hr\u00e1lo z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed ran\u00e9 historie Massachusetts. Prvn\u00ed osadn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li, byli brit\u0161t\u00ed poutn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed hledali \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00edm v Anglii. S pomoc\u00ed kmene Wampanoag\u016f zalo\u017eili trvalou osadu a oslavili sv\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed prvn\u00edm d\u00edk\u016fvzd\u00e1n\u00edm v roce 1621.<\/p>\n\n
O osm let pozd\u011bji p\u0159i\u0161li purit\u00e1ni, dal\u0161\u00ed skupina reformn\u00edch k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f z Anglie, a zalo\u017eili kolonii Massachusetts Bay. Puritan\u00e9 ovl\u00e1dli region a vynucovali p\u0159\u00edsnou n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou konformitu. Odp\u016frci, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli jin\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 n\u00e1zory, byli bu\u010f nuceni odej\u00edt, nebo zalo\u017eili nov\u00e9 kolonie pod\u00e9l v\u00fdchodn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Koncem 17. stolet\u00ed purit\u00e1nsk\u00e1 moc sl\u00e1bla. V roce 1692 se Massachusetts stal jednotnou, sjednocenou koloni\u00ed pod britskou nadvl\u00e1dou. Nespokojenost obyvatel v\u0161ak rostla kv\u016fli britsk\u00fdm dan\u00edm. V roce 1773 skupina zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako Synov\u00e9 svobody protestovala proti britsk\u00fdm dan\u00edm z \u010daje t\u00edm, \u017ee shodila z\u00e1silku \u010daje do bostonsk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstavu, co\u017e je ud\u00e1lost zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako Bostonsk\u00e9 pit\u00ed \u010daje. Tento akt vzdoru o dva roky pozd\u011bji vyvolal americkou revoluci.<\/p>\n\n
Po revoluci Massachusetts nad\u00e1le ovliv\u0148oval nov\u011b vzniklou republiku. St\u00e1t p\u0159ijal svou \u00fastavu v roce 1780, kterou vypracoval John Adams, co\u017e z n\u00ed \u010din\u00ed nejstar\u0161\u00ed p\u00edsemnou \u00fastavu na sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00e1 je st\u00e1le v platnosti. Massachusetts se tak\u00e9 stal prvn\u00edm americk\u00fdm st\u00e1tem, kter\u00fd po\u017eadoval zru\u0161en\u00ed otroctv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
V 19. stolet\u00ed Massachusetts pro\u0161el v\u00fdznamnou hospod\u00e1\u0159skou transformac\u00ed. Textiln\u00ed tov\u00e1rny ve st\u00e1t\u011b hr\u00e1ly hlavn\u00ed roli v industrializaci severov\u00fdchodu USA. Tato \u00e9ra p\u0159inesla regionu rychl\u00fd r\u016fst a prosperitu.<\/p>\n\n
Dnes je Massachusetts p\u0159edn\u00edm centrem vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, biotechnologi\u00ed a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed a tak\u00e9 bankovnictv\u00ed. Jeho bohat\u00e1 historie je v\u0161ak st\u00e1le v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1, s mnoha historick\u00fdmi m\u00edsty a pam\u00e1tkami roztrou\u0161en\u00fdmi po cel\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci se mohou pono\u0159it do kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed st\u00e1tu n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvou Plymouthu, kde p\u0159ist\u00e1li poutn\u00edci, nebo pr\u016fzkumem Mohawk Trail, kter\u00fd sleduje stopy p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel oblasti.<\/p>\n\n
Massachusetts se m\u016f\u017ee pochlubit \u017eivou kulturou a bohat\u00fdm d\u011bdictv\u00edm. M\u011bsta Nantucket a New Bedford p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed svou velryb\u00e1\u0159skou minulost, zat\u00edmco Lexington a Concord jsou synonymem prvn\u00edch v\u00fdst\u0159el\u016f americk\u00e9 revoluce. St\u00e1tn\u00ed muzea, galerie a historick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti nab\u00edzej\u00ed pohled do jeho rozmanit\u00e9 historie a kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
A\u0165 u\u017e se vyd\u00e1te k pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed nebo do hor, do mal\u00fdch vesnic nebo ru\u0161n\u00fdch m\u011bst, Massachusetts nab\u00edz\u00ed bezpo\u010det p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed k pozn\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9ho bohat\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Od sledov\u00e1n\u00ed stop poutn\u00edk\u016f v Plymouthu a\u017e po n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu rodi\u0161t\u011b americk\u00e9 revoluce v Lexingtonu zve st\u00e1t n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky, aby prozkoumali jeho tapiserii historie a kultury.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Massachusetts: Tapiserie historie a d\u011bdictv\u00ed Ko\u0159eny p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel P\u0159ed evropsk\u00fdm os\u00eddlen\u00edm byl Massachusetts domovem p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b deseti kmen\u016f p\u016fvodn\u00edch Ameri\u010dan\u016f. Kmen Massachusett\u016f, algonkinsky mluv\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1rod, s\u00eddlil pod\u00e9l pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed pobl\u00ed\u017e dne\u0161n\u00edho Bostonu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[885,1537,1867,659,4036,27,316,19880,63,6407,19879,19882,1350,19881,305,8164],"class_list":["post-14863","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-american-revolution","tag-banking","tag-biotechnology","tag-travel","tag-heritage","tag-history","tag-native-americans","tag-john-adams","tag-culture","tag-massachusetts","tag-pilgrims","tag-computer-technology","tag-puritans","tag-textile-industry","tag-tourism","tag-higher-education"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14863","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14863"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14863\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14864,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14863\/revisions\/14864"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14863"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14863"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14863"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}