{"id":14952,"date":"2024-06-17T02:24:33","date_gmt":"2024-06-17T02:24:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14952"},"modified":"2024-06-17T02:24:33","modified_gmt":"2024-06-17T02:24:33","slug":"monarch-butterflies-california-population-rebound","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/zoology\/monarch-butterflies-california-population-rebound\/","title":{"rendered":"Populace mot\u00fdl\u016f monarch\u016f v Kalifornii vzl\u00e9tly po dramatick\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Populace mot\u00fdl\u016f monarch\u016f v Kalifornii stoup\u00e1 po dramatick\u00e9m poklesu<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u00e1r\u016fst populace<\/h2>\n\n<p>Populace mot\u00fdl\u016f monarch\u016f se v Kalifornii vzpamatovala pot\u00e9, co v roce 2020 klesla na historicky n\u00edzkou \u00farove\u0148. Spole\u010dnost Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation ohl\u00e1sila n\u00e1r\u016fst z 2 000 monarch\u016f v roce 2020 na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 250 000 v roce 2021 v zimovi\u0161t\u00edch ve st\u00e1t\u011b.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Faktory p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed k poklesu populace<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee ztr\u00e1ta p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pesticid\u016f sehr\u00e1ly v\u00fdznamnou roli v poklesu populace monarch\u016f. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty jsou domovem dvou odli\u0161n\u00fdch populac\u00ed monarch\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e z\u00e1padn\u00ed populace zimuje v Kalifornii.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pacific Grove: M\u011bsto mot\u00fdl\u016f USA<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pacific Grove v Kalifornii ji\u017e dlouho slav\u00ed p\u0159\u00edchod mot\u00fdl\u016f monarch\u016f ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0159\u00edjen sv\u00fdm ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edm Pr\u016fvodem mot\u00fdl\u016f. V roce 2020 v\u0161ak m\u011bstsk\u00e1 dvouakrov\u00e1 rezervace nezaznamenala \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 monar chy. Tato rezervace je jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zimovi\u0161\u0165 v Kalifornii.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>V roce 2014 po\u017e\u00e1dala spole\u010dnost Xerces Society a dal\u0161\u00ed skupiny U.S. Fish &amp; Wildlife Service o ochranu monarch\u016f jako ohro\u017een\u00e9ho druhu. USFW rozhodl, \u017ee za\u0159azen\u00ed monarch\u016f na seznam podle z\u00e1kona o ohro\u017een\u00fdch druz\u00edch je opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9, ale bylo odlo\u017eeno kv\u016fli nal\u00e9hav\u011bj\u0161\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hypot\u00e9zy n\u00e1r\u016fstu populace<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci si st\u00e1le nejsou jisti p\u0159esn\u00fdmi d\u016fvody n\u00e1r\u016fstu populace monarch\u016f v roce 2021. N\u011bkter\u00e9 hypot\u00e9zy zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed podm\u00ednky<\/li>\n<li>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pesticid\u016f b\u011bhem pandemie COVID-19<\/li>\n<li>Lesn\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ry p\u0159ipravuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u016fdu pro r\u016fst divok\u00fdch kv\u011btin<\/li>\n<li>Nov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstky z v\u00fdchodn\u00ed populace monarch\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Men\u0161\u00ed konkurence<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rozptyl m\u00edsto shlukov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>David James, entomolog z Washington State University, nazna\u010duje, \u017ee n\u00edzk\u00fd po\u010det monarch\u016f v roce 2020 mohl b\u00fdt zp\u016fsoben t\u00edm, \u017ee se mot\u00fdli rozpt\u00fdlili, m\u00edsto aby se shroma\u017e\u010fovali na tradi\u010dn\u00edch zimovi\u0161t\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hrozby p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e je n\u00e1r\u016fst po\u010dtu monarch\u016f povzbudiv\u00fd, spole\u010dnost Xerces Society zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee populace je st\u00e1le nebezpe\u010dn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1. Ztr\u00e1ta p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pesticid\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed hrozby p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed i nad\u00e1le v\u00fdzvy pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed monarch\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdznam ochrany<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro ochranu a obnovu populac\u00ed mot\u00fdl\u016f monarch\u016f. Pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jejich budouc\u00edho p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed je nezbytn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161it hrozby, kter\u00fdm \u010del\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed populace monarch\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Ztr\u00e1ta p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed:<\/strong> Monarchy jsou pro rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a krmen\u00ed z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na rostlin\u00e1ch laskavce. Ztr\u00e1ta p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed v d\u016fsledku urbanizace, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edho rozvoje sn\u00ed\u017eila dostupnost laskavc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pesticid\u016f:<\/strong> Pesticidy, zejm\u00e9na herbicidy, mohou po\u0161kodit larvy a dosp\u011bl\u00e9 monar chy. Vystaven\u00ed t\u011bmto chemik\u00e1li\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee naru\u0161it jejich \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus a sn\u00ed\u017eit jejich populace.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna:<\/strong> Zm\u011bny vzorc\u016f po\u010das\u00ed a extr\u00e9mn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti mohou ovlivnit migraci, rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159ezimov\u00e1n\u00ed monarch\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Dal\u0161\u00ed hrozby:<\/strong> Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed faktory, kter\u00e9 mohou ovlivnit populace monarch\u016f, pat\u0159\u00ed nemoci, paraziti a konkurence ze strany jin\u00fdch druh\u016f mot\u00fdl\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 strategie<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Obnova p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed:<\/strong> Vysazov\u00e1n\u00ed laskavc\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch rostlin produkuj\u00edc\u00edch nektar v zahrad\u00e1ch, parc\u00edch a pod\u00e9l silnic poskytuje monarch\u016fm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zdroje.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pesticid\u016f:<\/strong> Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pesticid\u016f, zejm\u00e9na b\u011bhem obdob\u00ed migrace a rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed monarch\u016f, m\u016f\u017ee zm\u00edrnit jejich negativn\u00ed dopady na populace mot\u00fdl\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed monarch\u016f:<\/strong> Programy ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u011bdy a profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkumy pom\u00e1haj\u00ed sledovat populace monarch\u016f a identifikovat oblasti, kter\u00e9 vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed obavy.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a osv\u011bta:<\/strong> Zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed o v\u00fdznamu monarch\u016f a hrozb\u00e1ch, kter\u00fdm \u010del\u00ed, je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro podporu ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Populace mot\u00fdl\u016f monarch\u016f v Kalifornii stoup\u00e1 po dramatick\u00e9m poklesu N\u00e1r\u016fst populace Populace mot\u00fdl\u016f monarch\u016f se v Kalifornii vzpamatovala pot\u00e9, co v roce 2020 klesla na historicky n\u00edzkou \u00farove\u0148. Spole\u010dnost Xerces&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23678,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[3363,4455,19986,401,15328,583],"class_list":["post-14952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zoology","tag-california","tag-monarch-butterflies","tag-population-increase","tag-conservation","tag-pesticide-use","tag-habitat-loss"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14952","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14952"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14952\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14953,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14952\/revisions\/14953"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23678"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14952"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14952"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14952"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}