Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed museli \u017e\u00e1ci osm\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy v okrese Bullitt v Kentucky absolvovat komplexn\u00ed zkou\u0161ku, kter\u00e1 testovala jejich znalosti z r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b matematiky, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch v\u011bd, \u010dten\u00ed, psan\u00ed a podivn\u011b specifick\u00fdch fakt\u016f. Genealogick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost okresu Bullitt uchovala kopii t\u00e9to zkou\u0161ky ve sv\u00e9m muzeu a nab\u00edz\u00ed tak pohled na vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed standardy minul\u00e9 \u00e9ry.<\/p>\n\n
Vyzkou\u0161ejte si kv\u00edz okresu Bullitt a zjist\u011bte, jak byste obst\u00e1li ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se \u017e\u00e1ky osm\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e stolet\u00edm. Mo\u017en\u00e1 budete p\u0159ekvapeni, jak obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00edte, kde le\u017e\u00ed \u010cern\u00e1 Hora? Nebo kter\u00fdmi vodami by lo\u010f proplula na cest\u011b z Anglie do Manily Suezsk\u00fdm pr\u016fplavem?<\/p>\n\n
Zat\u00edmco n\u011bkter\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky ve zkou\u0161ce okresu Bullitt testuj\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 znalosti, mnoho z nich je pouh\u00fdmi testy n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch fakt\u016f. Zapamatov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto fakt\u016f mohlo b\u00fdt v minulosti pova\u017eov\u00e1no za zn\u00e1mku inteligence, ale dnes uzn\u00e1v\u00e1me, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u00e9 porozum\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159esahuje schopnost vybavit si izolovan\u00e1 fakta.<\/p>\n\n
Standardizovan\u00e9 testy se \u010dasto zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na faktickou pam\u011b\u0165 sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e na skute\u010dn\u00e9 porozum\u011bn\u00ed. To plat\u00ed zejm\u00e9na pro testy \u201ev\u011bdeck\u00e9 gramotnosti\u201c, kter\u00e9 jsou navr\u017eeny tak, aby posoudily znalosti lid\u00ed o sv\u011bt\u011b kolem nich. Will Grant a Merryn McKinnon v\u0161ak ve sv\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku pro The Conversation tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee tyto testy jsou chybn\u00e9, proto\u017ee zam\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed fakty za v\u011bdeckou gramotnost.<\/p>\n\n
Skute\u010dn\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 gramotnost vy\u017eaduje pochopen\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fdch koncept\u016f a princip\u016f a tak\u00e9 schopnost aplikovat tyto znalosti na probl\u00e9my re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Tento typ porozum\u011bn\u00ed je nezbytn\u00fd pro navigaci ve slo\u017eit\u00fdch v\u00fdzv\u00e1ch modern\u00edho sv\u011bta, jako jsou alternativn\u00ed zdroje energie, zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed potravin a hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s vodou.<\/p>\n\n
Kv\u00edz okresu Bullitt odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed zastaral\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Zd\u016fraz\u0148uje memorov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed kritick\u00fdm my\u0161len\u00edm a dovednostmi \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f. I kdy\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z\u00e1bavn\u00e9 vyzkou\u0161et si kv\u00edz jako historickou kuriozitu, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee p\u0159esn\u011b nem\u011b\u0159\u00ed inteligenci ani v\u011bdeckou gramotnost.<\/p>\n\n
Jednou z oblast\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9 se na\u0161e znalosti od roku 1912 v\u00fdrazn\u011b posunuly vp\u0159ed, je oblast alternativn\u00edch zdroj\u016f energie. Dne\u0161n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci osm\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy jsou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bji obezn\u00e1meni se sol\u00e1rn\u00ed a v\u011btrnou energi\u00ed ne\u017e jejich vrstevn\u00edci p\u0159ed stolet\u00edm. To odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed rostouc\u00ed v\u00fdznam t\u011bchto technologi\u00ed p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00fdzev, jako jsou zm\u011bny klimatu.<\/p>\n\n
Dal\u0161\u00ed oblast\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00edho v\u00fdznamu je zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed potravin. Sv\u011btov\u00e1 populace od roku 1912 exponenci\u00e1ln\u011b vzrostla a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed toho, aby m\u011bl ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k dostate\u010dn\u00e9mu mno\u017estv\u00ed potravin, je velkou v\u00fdzvou. Dne\u0161n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci osm\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy si pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bji uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed probl\u00e9my spojen\u00e9 s v\u00fdrobou a distribuc\u00ed potravin ne\u017e jejich p\u0159edch\u016fdci.<\/p>\n\n
Hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s vodou je dal\u0161\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdzvou, kter\u00e1 se v posledn\u00edch letech stala st\u00e1le nal\u00e9hav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Dne\u0161n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci osm\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bji porozum\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitosti \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed vodou a nutnosti chr\u00e1nit vodn\u00ed zdroje. Tyto znalosti jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 budoucnosti.<\/p>\n\n
I kdy\u017e je l\u00e1kav\u00e9 srovn\u00e1vat se se studenty z minulosti, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu v\u00fdrazn\u011b vyvinulo. Dovednosti a znalosti, kter\u00e9 jsou dnes cen\u011bny, nejsou stejn\u00e9 jako v roce 1912. Skute\u010dn\u00e1 inteligence nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve schopnosti vybavit si n\u00e1hodn\u00e1 fakta, ale ve schopnosti myslet kriticky, \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my a aplikovat znalosti na v\u00fdzvy re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Jsi chyt\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u017e\u00e1k osm\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy z roku 1912? Kv\u00edz osm\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy okresu Bullitt Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed museli \u017e\u00e1ci osm\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy v okrese Bullitt v Kentucky absolvovat komplexn\u00ed zkou\u0161ku,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1513],"tags":[27,7507,2195,97,170],"class_list":["post-14956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-education","tag-history","tag-critical-thinking","tag-problem-solving","tag-science","tag-education"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14956"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14956\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14957,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14956\/revisions\/14957"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}