{"id":1497,"date":"2021-04-01T09:50:36","date_gmt":"2021-04-01T09:50:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1497"},"modified":"2021-04-01T09:50:36","modified_gmt":"2021-04-01T09:50:36","slug":"soyuz-rocket-malfunction-forces-emergency-landing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/space-science\/soyuz-rocket-malfunction-forces-emergency-landing\/","title":{"rendered":"Nouzov\u00e9 p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed rusk\u00e9 rakety Sojuz po poru\u0161e"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nouzov\u00e9 p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed rakety Sojuz po poru\u0161e<\/h2>\n\n

Nouzov\u00e9 p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed po ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m startu<\/h2>\n\n

Dne 11. \u0159\u00edjna 2018 do\u0161lo u rusk\u00e9 rakety Sojuz, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla dopravit dva astronauty na Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrnou stanici (ISS), ke kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 dob\u011b po startu k poru\u0161e. Pos\u00e1dka, kterou tvo\u0159ili astronaut NASA Nick Hague a rusk\u00fd kosmonaut Alexej Ov\u010dinin, byla nucena p\u0159eru\u0161it misi a nouzov\u011b p\u0159ist\u00e1t v Kazachst\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n\n

Start prob\u011bhl podle pl\u00e1nu a raketa odstartovala z kosmodromu Bajkonur v Kazachst\u00e1nu ve 4:40 hodin v\u00fdchodoamerick\u00e9ho \u010dasu. Jen \u0161est minut po startu ale rusk\u00e1 vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 agentura Roskosmos ozn\u00e1mila probl\u00e9m s jedn\u00edm z raketov\u00fdch stup\u0148\u016f. Jeden\u00e1ct minut po startu NASA ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee se pos\u00e1dka vrac\u00ed na Zemi balistick\u00fdm sestupem, co\u017e znamenalo, \u017ee se kosmick\u00e1 lo\u010f vr\u00e1t\u00ed na Zemi bez pohonu.<\/p>\n\n

Balistick\u00fd sestup zahrnuje mnohem strm\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fahel p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u00fd sestup, proto\u017ee je navr\u017een tak, aby rychle zpomalil kosmickou lo\u010f a bezpe\u010dn\u011b dopravil astronauty zp\u011bt na Zemi. Tento typ p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee vystavit astronauty extr\u00e9mn\u00edm gravita\u010dn\u00edm sil\u00e1m, a\u017e osmin\u00e1sobku norm\u00e1ln\u00ed gravitace.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1\u017eitek astronaut\u016f z balistick\u00e9ho sestupu<\/h2>\n\n

Americk\u00e1 astronautka Peggy Whitsonov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 v roce 2008 p\u0159e\u017eila balistick\u00fd sestup s p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00edm asi 8 G, popsala tuto zku\u0161enost jako velmi podobnou n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u00e9 dopravn\u00ed nehod\u011b. \u0158ekla, \u017ee c\u00edtila, jak se j\u00ed obli\u010dej deformuje, m\u011bla pot\u00ed\u017ee s d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00edm a musela d\u00fdchat pomoc\u00ed br\u00e1nice, m\u00edsto aby roztahovala hrudn\u00edk.<\/p>\n\n

V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ned\u00e1vn\u00e9ho nouzov\u00e9ho p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed Sojuzu dos\u00e1hly gravita\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edly hodnoty 6,7 G, co\u017e je v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e 4 G, kter\u00e1 jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 b\u011bhem b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho kontrolovan\u00e9ho sestupu.<\/p>\n\n

Vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed poruchy<\/h2>\n\n

Po incidentu vytvo\u0159ila agentura Roskosmos \u201est\u00e1tn\u00ed komisi\u201c, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla vy\u0161et\u0159it p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu poruchy. NASA rovn\u011b\u017e ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee provede \u201ed\u016fkladn\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee k poru\u0161e do\u0161lo asi dv\u011b minuty po startu, mo\u017en\u00e1 b\u011bhem odd\u011blen\u00ed druh\u00e9ho stupn\u011b. P\u0159esn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina poruchy v\u0161ak st\u00e1le nen\u00ed zn\u00e1ma.<\/p>\n\n

D\u016fsledky pro ISS<\/h2>\n\n

Kv\u016fli ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9mu startu z\u016fstali na ISS pouze t\u0159i \u010dlenov\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky pod velen\u00edm n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho astronauta Alexandra Gersta. P\u016fvodn\u011b se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo, \u017ee se pos\u00e1dka ISS vr\u00e1t\u00ed 13. prosince, ale v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby m\u016f\u017ee na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze z\u016fstat d\u00e9le.<\/p>\n\n

Tento incident vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed spolehlivosti rusk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu pro vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed raket Sojuz, kter\u00fd v posledn\u00edch letech zaznamenal n\u011bkolik probl\u00e9m\u016f. Agentury NASA i Roskosmos \u010del\u00ed tlaku, aby tento probl\u00e9m rychle vy\u0159e\u0161ily a zajistily tak pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed provoz ISS.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdznam bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

I p\u0159es poruchu a extr\u00e9mn\u00ed podm\u00ednky nouzov\u00e9ho p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eili astronauti d\u00edky \u00fa\u010dinnosti nouzov\u00e9ho p\u0159eru\u0161ovac\u00edho postupu. Tento incident zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed a pohotovostn\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f p\u0159i kosmick\u00fdch letech.<\/p>\n\n

Prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a budouc\u00ed d\u016fsledky<\/h2>\n\n

Vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed poruchy rakety Sojuz st\u00e1le prob\u00edh\u00e1 a jeho v\u00fdsledky budou rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed pro zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny poruchy a zaveden\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zabr\u00e1n\u00ed podobn\u00fdm incident\u016fm v budoucnu. V\u00fdsledek vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed bude m\u00edt tak\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro budouc\u00ed pr\u016fzkum vesm\u00edru a dal\u0161\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci mezi agenturami NASA a Roskosmos.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nouzov\u00e9 p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed rakety Sojuz po poru\u0161e Nouzov\u00e9 p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed po ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m startu Dne 11. \u0159\u00edjna 2018 do\u0161lo u rusk\u00e9 rakety Sojuz, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla dopravit dva astronauty na Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrnou stanici (ISS),…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[476],"tags":[3297,3296,434,3295],"class_list":["post-1497","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-space-science","tag-astronaut-safety","tag-emergency-landing","tag-space-exploration","tag-soyuz-rocket"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1497","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1497"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1497\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1498,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1497\/revisions\/1498"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1497"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1497"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1497"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}