{"id":14974,"date":"2023-11-24T23:47:22","date_gmt":"2023-11-24T23:47:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14974"},"modified":"2023-11-24T23:47:22","modified_gmt":"2023-11-24T23:47:22","slug":"cheating-end-game-effect","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/psychology\/cheating-end-game-effect\/","title":{"rendered":"The End Game Effect: Why People Cheat More When the Finish Line is Near"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Podv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed: Efekt konce hry<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e se \u00fakol bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed ke sv\u00e9mu dokon\u010den\u00ed, je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee se lid\u00e9 budou chovat nepoctiv\u011b, tvrd\u00ed ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie. Tento jev, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako \u201eefekt konce hry\u201c, se vyskytuje v r\u016fzn\u00fdch situac\u00edch, od akademick\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\u017e po sout\u011b\u017en\u00ed sporty.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Psychologie efektu konce hry<\/h3>\n\n<p>V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci identifikovali n\u011bkolik psychologick\u00fdch faktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k efektu konce hry:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 motivace:<\/strong> Jak se lid\u00e9 bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed ke konci \u00fakolu, jejich motivace pokra\u010dovat m\u016f\u017ee sl\u00e1bnout. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobnosti hled\u00e1n\u00ed zkratek.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vn\u00edman\u00fd tlak:<\/strong> Tlak na to, abychom skon\u010dili dob\u0159e nebo dodr\u017eeli term\u00edny, m\u016f\u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159et pocit nal\u00e9havosti, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159eva\u017eovat nad etick\u00fdmi \u00favahami.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kognitivn\u00ed zkreslen\u00ed:<\/strong> Jak se lid\u00e9 bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed ke konci \u00fakolu, mohou za\u017e\u00edvat kognitivn\u00ed zkreslen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159im\u011bje p\u0159ece\u0148ovat sv\u016fj pokrok a podce\u0148ovat zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je vy\u017eadov\u00e1no. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k fale\u0161n\u00e9mu pocitu napln\u011bn\u00ed a ochot\u011b podv\u00e1d\u011bt, abychom dos\u00e1hli c\u00edlov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ry.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159\u00edklady efektu konce hry<\/h3>\n\n<p>Efekt konce hry byl pozorov\u00e1n v cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch kontext\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Experiment s h\u00e1zen\u00edm minc\u00ed:<\/strong> Ve studii zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed hru s h\u00e1zen\u00edm minc\u00ed byli \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k podv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed (tj. hl\u00e1sili nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 odhady jako spr\u00e1vn\u00e9), kdy\u017e se bl\u00ed\u017eili ke konci experimentu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Test hodnocen\u00ed esej\u00ed:<\/strong> V jin\u00e9 studii \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed byli placeni za hodnocen\u00ed esej\u00ed, uvedli, \u017ee str\u00e1vili v\u00edce \u010dasu nad posledn\u00edmi esejemi, ne\u017e ve skute\u010dnosti ud\u011blali, aby z\u00edskali vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed odm\u011bnu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Politick\u00e1 obdob\u00ed:<\/strong> Politici a vl\u00e1dn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci mohou b\u00fdt n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k neetick\u00e9mu chov\u00e1n\u00ed ke konci sv\u00e9ho funk\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed, proto\u017ee \u010del\u00ed vyhl\u00eddce na opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159adu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0160koln\u00ed roky:<\/strong> Studenti mohou b\u00fdt n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k podv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed u zkou\u0161ek nebo \u00fakol\u016f v posledn\u00edch t\u00fddnech semestru, kdy\u017e sp\u011bchaj\u00ed s dokon\u010den\u00edm sv\u00fdch kurz\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Golf:<\/strong> Golfist\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel nebo k ne\u010destn\u00e9mu chov\u00e1n\u00ed na posledn\u00ed jamce z\u00e1pasu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed efektu konce hry<\/h3>\n\n<p>A\u010dkoli je efekt konce hry b\u011b\u017en\u00fd jev, lze ho zm\u00edrnit pomoc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch strategi\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pov\u011bdom\u00ed a vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong> Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed o efektu konce hry m\u016f\u017ee pomoci lidem rozpoznat a odolat poku\u0161en\u00ed podv\u00e1d\u011bt.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Siln\u00e9 etick\u00e9 standardy:<\/strong> Stanoven\u00ed jasn\u00fdch etick\u00fdch pokyn\u016f a podpora kultury integrity m\u016f\u017ee odrazovat od podv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Spravedliv\u00e9 odm\u011bny a d\u016fsledky:<\/strong> Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed toho, \u017ee odm\u011bny jsou distribuov\u00e1ny spravedliv\u011b a \u017ee existuj\u00ed jasn\u00e9 d\u016fsledky za podv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee pomoci odradit od nepoctiv\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Extern\u00ed monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong> Implementace syst\u00e9m\u016f pro monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed a odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed podvodn\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee k n\u011bmu dojde.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed \u010dasu:<\/strong> Rozd\u011blen\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f na men\u0161\u00ed, zvl\u00e1dnuteln\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti a stanoven\u00ed realistick\u00fdch term\u00edn\u016f m\u016f\u017ee pomoci sn\u00ed\u017eit tlak a stres, kter\u00e9 mohou p\u0159isp\u00edvat k podv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Pochopen\u00edm psychologie efektu konce hry a implementac\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch strategi\u00ed k jeho zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme podporovat etick\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed a zachovat integritu r\u016fzn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f a instituc\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Podv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed: Efekt konce hry Kdy\u017e se \u00fakol bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed ke sv\u00e9mu dokon\u010den\u00ed, je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee se lid\u00e9 budou chovat nepoctiv\u011b, tvrd\u00ed ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie. Tento jev, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako \u201eefekt konce hry\u201c, se&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[742,20003,1280,16523,1237],"class_list":["post-14974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-psychology","tag-behavior","tag-end-game-effect","tag-ethics","tag-cheating","tag-psychology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14974","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14974"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14974\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14975,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14974\/revisions\/14975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14974"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14974"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}