{"id":14982,"date":"2023-03-08T23:58:04","date_gmt":"2023-03-08T23:58:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14982"},"modified":"2023-03-08T23:58:04","modified_gmt":"2023-03-08T23:58:04","slug":"electric-pulse-technology-solution-shark-bycatch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/marine-science\/electric-pulse-technology-solution-shark-bycatch\/","title":{"rendered":"Elektrick\u00e1 pulzn\u00ed technologie: Nad\u011bje pro ochranu \u017eralok\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Elektrick\u00e1 pulzn\u00ed technologie: Slibn\u00fd zp\u016fsob \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f \u017eralok\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pochopen\u00ed probl\u00e9mu vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f \u017eralok\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nadm\u011brn\u00fd rybolov p\u0159edstavuje zna\u010dnou hrozbu pro populace \u017eralok\u016f a rejnok\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, zejm\u00e9na pro oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 druhy, jako jsou \u017eraloci mod\u0159\u00ed a rejnoci pelagi\u010dt\u00ed. Tyto druhy jsou \u010dasto ne\u00famysln\u011b loveny jako vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00falovky p\u0159i rybolovn\u00fdch \u010dinnostech zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na jin\u00e9 druhy, jako je tu\u0148\u00e1k. Tyto vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00falovky nejen po\u0161kozuj\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my, ale tak\u00e9 pl\u00fdtvaj\u00ed \u010dasem a prost\u0159edky ryb\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Odhaduje se, \u017ee je ro\u010dn\u011b uloveno jako vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00falovek 100 milion\u016f \u017eralok\u016f a rejnok\u016f, co\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k \u00fabytku v\u00edce ne\u017e \u010dtvrtiny t\u011bchto druh\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Role elektromagnetick\u00fdch pol\u00ed a smysl\u016f \u017eralok\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u017draloci maj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fd smyslov\u00fd org\u00e1n naz\u00fdvan\u00fd Lorenziniho ampule, kter\u00fd jim umo\u017e\u0148uje detekovat elektromagnetick\u00e1 pole. Tato schopnost umo\u017e\u0148uje \u017eralok\u016fm navigovat, nach\u00e1zet ko\u0159ist a vyh\u00fdbat se pred\u00e1tor\u016fm. V\u011bdci vyu\u017eili t\u011bchto znalost\u00ed k v\u00fdvoji inovativn\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f \u017eralok\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">SharkGuard: Elektrick\u00fd pulzn\u00ed odpuzova\u010d<\/h2>\n\n<p>SharkGuard je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vys\u00edl\u00e1 elektrick\u00e9 pulzy, kter\u00e9 napodobuj\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 elektromagnetick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly vys\u00edlan\u00e9 \u017eraloky. Kdy\u017e je SharkGuard p\u0159ipevn\u011bn k n\u00e1vnad\u00e1m na ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch h\u00e1\u010dc\u00edch, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed elektromagnetick\u00e9 pole, kter\u00e9 odrazuje \u017eraloky a rejnoky od p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Tato technologie si klade za c\u00edl sn\u00ed\u017eit vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00falovky, ani\u017e by to ovlivnilo c\u00edlov\u00e9 druhy, jako je tu\u0148\u00e1k.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Efektivita za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed SharkGuard p\u0159i sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie proveden\u00e1 v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky z University of Exeter a Fishtek Marine prok\u00e1zala \u00fa\u010dinnost za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed SharkGuard p\u0159i sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f \u017eralok\u016f a rejnok\u016f. Studie zahrnovala nasazen\u00ed ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch plavidel s h\u00e1\u010dky vybaven\u00fdmi bu\u010f za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm SharkGuard, nebo kontroln\u00edmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi.<\/p>\n\n<p>V\u00fdsledky byly slibn\u00e9:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00falovky \u017eralok\u016f modr\u00fdch klesly o 91 %, z 6,1 \u017eraloka na 1 000 h\u00e1\u010dk\u016f na 0,5 \u017eraloka.<\/li>\n<li>Vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00falovky rejnok\u016f pelagick\u00fdch klesly o 71 %, ze 7 rejnok\u016f na 1 000 h\u00e1\u010dk\u016f na 2 rejnoky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Tyto n\u00e1lezy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed SharkGuard m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit ne\u00famysln\u00fd \u00falovek \u017eralok\u016f a rejnok\u016f p\u0159i dlouh\u00e9 lovn\u00fdch operac\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mo\u017en\u00fd dopad na c\u00edlov\u00e9 druhy<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zat\u00edmco za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed SharkGuard \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b odrazovalo \u017eraloky a rejnoky, v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zaznamenali m\u00edrn\u00fd pokles \u00falovk\u016f tu\u0148\u00e1ka obecn\u00e9ho. Tento pokles v\u0161ak nebyl statisticky v\u00fdznamn\u00fd, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nemus\u00ed m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na populace tu\u0148\u00e1k\u016f. Jsou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed studie k d\u016fkladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto aspektu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Budouc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj a komer\u010dn\u00ed dostupnost<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b pracuje na v\u00fdvoji leh\u010d\u00ed verze za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed SharkGuard, aby \u0159e\u0161il obavy ohledn\u011b jeho potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho dopadu na hloubku lovu. Jejich c\u00edlem je uv\u00e9st za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed SharkGuard na trh do roku 2024 a poskytnout tak ryb\u00e1\u0159\u016fm praktick\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Elektrick\u00e1 pulzn\u00ed technologie: Slibn\u00fd zp\u016fsob \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f \u017eralok\u016f Pochopen\u00ed probl\u00e9mu vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f \u017eralok\u016f Nadm\u011brn\u00fd rybolov p\u0159edstavuje zna\u010dnou hrozbu pro populace \u017eralok\u016f a rejnok\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, zejm\u00e9na pro oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1300],"tags":[20015,20016,361,629,20014,7180],"class_list":["post-14982","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-marine-science","tag-electric-pulse-technology","tag-ampullae-of-lorenzini","tag-marine-biology","tag-shark-conservation","tag-shark-bycatch","tag-sustainable-fishing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14982","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14982"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14982\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14983,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14982\/revisions\/14983"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14982"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14982"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14982"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}