{"id":15012,"date":"2021-06-14T12:05:17","date_gmt":"2021-06-14T12:05:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15012"},"modified":"2021-06-14T12:05:17","modified_gmt":"2021-06-14T12:05:17","slug":"sir-john-franklins-doomed-arctic-expedition-a-discovery-after-170-years","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/exploration\/sir-john-franklins-doomed-arctic-expedition-a-discovery-after-170-years\/","title":{"rendered":"Objev Franklinovy ztracen\u00e9 lodi odhaluje tajemstv\u00ed arktick\u00e9 expedice"},"content":{"rendered":"

Osudov\u00e1 arktick\u00e1 expedice Johna Franklina: Objev po 170 letech<\/h2>\n\n

Z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 zmizen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 1845 se slavn\u00fd pol\u00e1rn\u00ed badatel sir John Franklin vydal na riskantn\u00ed misi s c\u00edlem zmapovat Severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed pr\u016fjezd, legend\u00e1rn\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed trasu spojuj\u00edc\u00ed Atlantsk\u00fd a Tich\u00fd oce\u00e1n. Jeho dv\u011b nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lod\u011b, H.M.S. Erebus a H.M.S. Terror, vypluly z Anglie se 128 mu\u017ei na palub\u011b. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b expedice zmizela beze stopy a zanechala za sebou vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1hadu, kter\u00e1 po stalet\u00ed fascinovala historiky a badatele.<\/p>\n\n

P\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed po ztracen\u00fdch lod\u00edch<\/h2>\n\n

Po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed p\u00e1trac\u00ed t\u00fdmy pro\u010des\u00e1valy rozs\u00e1hlou arktickou pustinu po jak\u00e9koli zn\u00e1mce Franklinov\u00fdch lod\u00ed. \u00dastn\u00ed pod\u00e1n\u00ed Inuit\u016f nazna\u010dovala jejich osud, ale konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed d\u016fkazy z\u016fst\u00e1valy neuchopiteln\u00e9. V posledn\u00edch letech napomohla p\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed modern\u00ed technologie a v roce 2014 nasadily Kanadsk\u00e9 parky d\u00e1lkov\u011b ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 vozidlo pobl\u00ed\u017e ostrova King Williama v Nunavutu.<\/p>\n\n

Pr\u016flomov\u00fd objev<\/h2>\n\n

D\u00e1lkov\u011b ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 vozidlo se vr\u00e1tilo se sonarov\u00fdmi sn\u00edmky zobrazuj\u00edc\u00edmi \u201ez velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti neporu\u0161enou lo\u010f\u201c, co\u017e vzbudilo nad\u011bji, \u017ee byla kone\u010dn\u011b nalezena jedna z Franklinov\u00fdch ztracen\u00fdch lod\u00ed. Experti se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 bu\u010f o Erebus, nebo o Terror, a nab\u00edzej\u00ed vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed detaily o posledn\u00edch dnech badatele.<\/p>\n\n

Zachoval\u00e9 artefakty<\/h2>\n\n

Ledov\u00e9 arktick\u00e9 vody mohly uchovat n\u011bkter\u00e9 dokumenty a den\u00edky pos\u00e1dky, kter\u00e9 by mohly poskytnout zpr\u00e1vy z prvn\u00ed ruky o osudu expedice. A\u017e dosud se historici spol\u00e9hali na nejasn\u00e9 stopy, jako jsou zpr\u00e1vy Inuit\u016f o pot\u00e1p\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed se lodi a hrobech obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 kosti \u2013 mo\u017en\u00e1 zn\u00e1mka kanibalismu.<\/p>\n\n

Historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/h2>\n\n

Objev Franklinov\u00fdch lod\u00ed je v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm historick\u00fdm pr\u016flomem. Vrhl sv\u011btlo na jedno z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch kanadsk\u00fdch tajemstv\u00ed a poskytl cenn\u00e9 poznatky o v\u00fdzv\u00e1ch a ob\u011btech, kter\u00fdm \u010delili ran\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00ed badatel\u00e9. Dobr\u00fd stav lod\u00ed nab\u00edz\u00ed jedine\u010dnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost ke studiu jejich konstrukce, vybaven\u00ed a ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota pos\u00e1dky.<\/p>\n\n

Perspektiva Inuit\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Inuitsk\u00e9 znalosti a \u00fastn\u00ed pod\u00e1n\u00ed hr\u00e1ly z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i p\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed po Franklinov\u00fdch lod\u00edch. Po mnoho generac\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00e1vali p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch a ztroskotan\u00fdch plavidlech v oblasti, kde byl nalezen Erebus nebo Terror. Jejich pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed z prvn\u00ed ruky se uk\u00e1zala b\u00fdt neoceniteln\u00e1 p\u0159i skl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed puzzle Franklinovy expedice.<\/p>\n\n

Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016fzkum<\/h2>\n\n

Objev jedn\u00e9 z Franklinov\u00fdch lod\u00ed je v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm miln\u00edkem, ale p\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed po jej\u00ed sestersk\u00e9 lodi, H.M.S. Terror, pokra\u010duje. Kanadsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Stephen Harper zd\u016fraznil d\u016fle\u017eitost dokon\u010den\u00ed mise a odhalen\u00ed cel\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu Franklinovy pos\u00e1dky.<\/p>\n\n

Archeologick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky<\/h2>\n\n

Objev Erebu nebo Terroru m\u00e1 hlubok\u00e9 archeologick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky. Poskytuje vz\u00e1cnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost ke studiu dob\u0159e zachoval\u00e9ho vraku lodi v extr\u00e9mn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Archeologov\u00e9 doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee odhal\u00ed artefakty, osobn\u00ed v\u011bci a dal\u0161\u00ed stopy, kter\u00e9 mohou osv\u011btlit ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot expedice, technologick\u00e9 schopnosti a v\u00fdzvy, kter\u00fdm \u010delila.<\/p>\n\n

D\u011bdictv\u00ed pr\u016fzkumu<\/h2>\n\n

Arktick\u00e1 expedice sira Johna Franklina z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 dojemnou p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou nezdoln\u00e9ho ducha objevov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jeho hled\u00e1n\u00ed Severoz\u00e1padn\u00edho pr\u016fjezdu mo\u017en\u00e1 skon\u010dilo trag\u00e9di\u00ed, ale jeho odkaz \u017eije d\u00e1l jako sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o vytrval\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 touze po pozn\u00e1n\u00ed a dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 nep\u0159\u00edzni osudu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Osudov\u00e1 arktick\u00e1 expedice Johna Franklina: Objev po 170 letech Z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 zmizen\u00ed V roce 1845 se slavn\u00fd pol\u00e1rn\u00ed badatel sir John Franklin vydal na riskantn\u00ed misi s c\u00edlem zmapovat Severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed pr\u016fjezd,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2670],"tags":[4254,27,20054,319,6310],"class_list":["post-15012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exploration","tag-arctic-exploration","tag-history","tag-sir-john-franklin","tag-mystery","tag-shipwreck"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15012","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15012"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15012\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15013,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15012\/revisions\/15013"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15012"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}