{"id":15042,"date":"2024-06-20T13:01:39","date_gmt":"2024-06-20T13:01:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15042"},"modified":"2024-06-20T13:01:39","modified_gmt":"2024-06-20T13:01:39","slug":"rare-physical-evidence-of-roman-crucifixion-unearthed-in-britain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/archaeology\/rare-physical-evidence-of-roman-crucifixion-unearthed-in-britain\/","title":{"rendered":"Ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii byly odhaleny vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 fyzick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

V Brit\u00e1nii byly odhaleny vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 fyzick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Objev uk\u0159i\u017eovan\u00e9ho skeletu<\/h2>\n\n

Archeologov\u00e9 u\u010dinili pozoruhodn\u00fd objev v Cambridgeshire v Anglii: kostru mu\u017ee, kter\u00fd byl uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n b\u011bhem \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Tento n\u00e1lez p\u0159edstavuje jednu z m\u00e1la dochovan\u00fdch fyzick\u00fdch stop t\u00e9to starov\u011bk\u00e9 formy trestu.<\/p>\n\n

Kostra, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako Kostra 4926, byla nalezena s h\u0159ebem zatlu\u010den\u00fdm skrz patn\u00ed kost, co\u017e je prozrazuj\u00edc\u00ed znamen\u00ed uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tento objev poskytuje hmatateln\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o tom, jak bylo uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bno, co\u017e bylo dosud zn\u00e1mo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z historick\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Archeologick\u00fd kontext<\/h2>\n\n

Archeologick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou vz\u00e1cn\u00e9, proto\u017ee ob\u011btem se \u010dasto nedostalo \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho poh\u0159bu. Nav\u00edc se p\u0159i v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvalo k p\u0159iv\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed odsouzen\u00e9ho ke k\u0159\u00ed\u017ei lano nam\u00edsto h\u0159eb\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Tento konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed objev je v\u00fdznamn\u00fd, proto\u017ee poskytuje fyzick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo provedeno pomoc\u00ed h\u0159eb\u016f. Tak\u00e9 vrh\u00e1 sv\u011btlo na poh\u0159ebn\u00ed praktiky uk\u0159i\u017eovan\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00fdm byly \u010dasto odep\u0159eny \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 ob\u0159ady.<\/p>\n\n

Historick\u00fd kontext<\/h2>\n\n

Uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo b\u011b\u017enou formou popravy v \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i, vyhrazenou pro otroky, k\u0159es\u0165any, cizince, politick\u00e9 aktivisty a znesv\u011bcen\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky. Bylo pova\u017eov\u00e1no za hanebn\u00fd a barbarsk\u00fd trest.<\/p>\n\n

Ob\u011bti uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed obvykle um\u00edraly udu\u0161en\u00edm, ztr\u00e1tou t\u011blesn\u00fdch tekutin nebo selh\u00e1n\u00edm org\u00e1n\u016f. Proces mohl trvat od t\u0159\u00ed hodin do \u010dty\u0159 dn\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Objev Kostry 4926 poskytuje nahl\u00e9dnut\u00ed do drsn\u00e9 reality \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. T\u011blo mu\u017ee neslo zn\u00e1mky t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho utrpen\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b infekce, z\u00e1n\u011btu a \u00fader\u016f me\u010dem.<\/p>\n\n

Fyzick\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zjistili, \u017ee nohy mu\u017ee vykazovaly zn\u00e1mky infekce nebo z\u00e1n\u011btu, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 pouty nebo \u0159et\u011bzy. \u0160est z jeho \u017eeber bylo zlomeno, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b \u00fadery me\u010dem.<\/p>\n\n

T\u011blo mu\u017ee bylo poh\u0159beno spole\u010dn\u011b s d\u0159ev\u011bnou deskou a obklopeno 12 h\u0159eby, kter\u00e9 byly pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b odstran\u011bny pot\u00e9, co byl sund\u00e1n z k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee. Men\u0161\u00ed d\u016flek vedle hlavn\u00edho otvoru na jeho pat\u011b nazna\u010duje ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd pokus p\u0159ib\u00edt ho ke desce.<\/p>\n\n

\u0158\u00eddnut\u00ed kost\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Ingham, projektov\u00fd mana\u017eer spole\u010dnosti Albion Archaeology, poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee \u0159\u00eddnut\u00ed kost\u00ed mu\u017ee nazna\u010duje, \u017ee byl pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b dlouhou dobu p\u0159ed uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159ipout\u00e1n ke zdi.<\/p>\n\n

Tento n\u00e1lez nazna\u010duje, \u017ee mu\u017e mohl b\u00fdt p\u0159ed svou popravou zotro\u010den nebo dr\u017een v zajet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Anal\u00fdza DNA<\/h2>\n\n

Anal\u00fdza DNA odhalila, \u017ee Kostra 4926 nebyla geneticky p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu z ostatn\u00edch t\u011bl nalezen\u00fdch na m\u00edst\u011b, ale byla sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed domorod\u00e9ho obyvatelstva dan\u00e9 oblasti.<\/p>\n\n

To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee mu\u017e nebyl \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdm ob\u010danem, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e m\u00edstn\u00edm obyvatelem, kter\u00fd se stal ob\u011bt\u00ed brut\u00e1ln\u00edho trestu \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p>\n\n

D\u011bdictv\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Objev Kostry 4926 slou\u017e\u00ed jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka hr\u016fz \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a lidsk\u00e9 ob\u011bti, kterou si vy\u017e\u00e1dalo na marginalizovan\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch obyvatelstva.<\/p>\n\n

Duhig, archeolog na Cambridgesk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b, poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee ani obyvatel\u00e9 mal\u00fdch osad na okraji \u0159\u00ed\u0161e nemohli uniknout nejdrsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu trestu \u0158\u00edma.<\/p>\n\n

O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee v\u00fdsledky t\u00fdmu budou zve\u0159ejn\u011bny v odborn\u00e9m \u010dasopise p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok a poskytnou dal\u0161\u00ed poznatky o praxi uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V Brit\u00e1nii byly odhaleny vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 fyzick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed Objev uk\u0159i\u017eovan\u00e9ho skeletu Archeologov\u00e9 u\u010dinili pozoruhodn\u00fd objev v Cambridgeshire v Anglii: kostru mu\u017ee, kter\u00fd byl uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n b\u011bhem \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Tento n\u00e1lez…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23699,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[88,20098,1909,27,3481,97],"class_list":["post-15042","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-archaeology","tag-crucifixion","tag-forensic-anthropology","tag-history","tag-roman-empire","tag-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15042","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15042"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15042\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15043,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15042\/revisions\/15043"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23699"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15042"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15042"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15042"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}