{"id":15061,"date":"2021-04-14T10:11:25","date_gmt":"2021-04-14T10:11:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15061"},"modified":"2021-04-14T10:11:25","modified_gmt":"2021-04-14T10:11:25","slug":"scientists-aim-to-reach-earths-mantle-for-the-first-time","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/earth-science\/scientists-aim-to-reach-earths-mantle-for-the-first-time\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u011bdci vyr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed vst\u0159\u00edc nitru Zem\u011b: prvn\u00ed vrt do pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u011bdci se chystaj\u00ed poprv\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout zemsk\u00e9ho pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b<\/h2>\n\n<p>Jedno z nejambici\u00f3zn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u00fasil\u00ed v historii je v pln\u00e9m proudu, proto\u017ee v\u011bdci z programu Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed vyvrtat 3,7 m\u00edle do zemsk\u00e9ho pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b. Tato bezprecedentn\u00ed mise si klade za c\u00edl poprv\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e9st zp\u011bt vzorky hornin z pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b, co\u017e v\u011bdc\u016fm poskytne nov\u00e9 poznatky o nitru na\u0161\u00ed planety.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zemsk\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165: Z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 vrstva<\/h3>\n\n<p>Zemsk\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 je polotekut\u00e1 vrstva horniny um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e1 pod k\u016frou. Tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 84 % objemu planety a je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mnoha geologick\u00fdch proces\u016f, kter\u00e9 utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 sv\u011bt, jako jsou zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed a sopky. P\u0159esto\u017ee je v\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd, o pl\u00e1\u0161ti v\u00edme jen velmi m\u00e1lo.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdzvy hlubinn\u00e9ho vrt\u00e1n\u00ed do pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Vrt\u00e1n\u00ed do pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b je nesm\u00edrn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd \u00fakol. Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed teplo a tlak v takov\u00fdch hloubk\u00e1ch zt\u011b\u017euj\u00ed pr\u016fnik vrt\u00e1k\u016f do horniny. Nav\u00edc mus\u00ed b\u00fdt otvor extr\u00e9mn\u011b \u00fazk\u00fd, co\u017e zt\u011b\u017euje z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vzork\u016f hornin.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pl\u00e1n IODP<\/h3>\n\n<p>T\u00fdm IODP pl\u00e1nuje vrtat p\u0159es dno Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu, kde je k\u016fra nejten\u010d\u00ed. Pou\u017eij\u00ed vrtnou lo\u010f Chikyu, kter\u00e1 je vybavena vrt\u00e1ky z karbidu wolframu, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed brousit tvrdou horninu. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee projekt bude st\u00e1t nejm\u00e9n\u011b 1 miliardu dolar\u016f a jeho dokon\u010den\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zabere roky.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdznam mise<\/h3>\n\n<p>Pokud bude tato mise \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1, zp\u016fsob\u00ed revoluci v na\u0161em ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed zemsk\u00e9ho pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b. V\u011bdci budou moci p\u0159\u00edmo studovat vzorky hornin z pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b, co\u017e poskytne nov\u00e9 poznatky o jeho slo\u017een\u00ed, struktu\u0159e a dynamice. Tyto znalosti n\u00e1m pomohou l\u00e9pe pochopit, jak Zem\u011b funguje, a mohly by v\u00e9st k nov\u00fdm objev\u016fm v oborech, jako je geofyzika a geologie.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inspirace pro novou generaci v\u011bdc\u016f<\/h3>\n\n<p>Krom\u011b sv\u00e9ho v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu m\u00e1 tato mise tak\u00e9 potenci\u00e1l inspirovat novou generaci v\u011bdc\u016f. Stejn\u011b jako mise Apollo agentury NASA a nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed voz\u00edtko Curiosity m\u016f\u017ee tento ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed projekt zaujmout p\u0159edstavivost mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed a povzbudit je, aby se v\u011bnovali v\u011bdeck\u00e9 kari\u00e9\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pr\u016fb\u011bh vrt\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdzvy<\/h3>\n\n<p>T\u00fdm IODP ji\u017e vytvo\u0159il sv\u011btov\u00fd rekord, kdy\u017e vyvrtal t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 7 000 stop pod mo\u0159sk\u00fdm dnem u pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Japonska. St\u00e1le v\u0161ak maj\u00ed p\u0159ed sebou dlouhou cestu, ne\u017e dos\u00e1hnou pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b. T\u00fdm bude muset p\u0159ekonat \u0159adu v\u00fdzev, mimo jin\u00e9:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed teplo a tlak v takov\u00fdch hloubk\u00e1ch<\/li>\n<li>Nutnost \u010dast\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bny vrt\u00e1k\u016f<\/li>\n<li>\u00dazkost otvoru<\/li>\n<li>Obt\u00ed\u017enost z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vzork\u016f hornin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed odm\u011bna<\/h3>\n\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee existuj\u00ed v\u00fdzvy, potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed odm\u011bna t\u00e9to mise je obrovsk\u00e1. Studium vzork\u016f hornin z pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b by mohlo v\u011bdc\u016fm poskytnout nov\u00e9 poznatky o:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Slo\u017een\u00ed a struktu\u0159e pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b<\/li>\n<li>Dynamice pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b a jeho roli p\u0159i \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed geologick\u00fdch proces\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Historii Zem\u011b a vzniku slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Tyto znalosti by mohly v\u00e9st k nov\u00fdm objev\u016fm v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le v\u011bdeck\u00fdch obor\u016f a pomoci n\u00e1m l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt na\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b a jej\u00edmu m\u00edstu ve vesm\u00edru.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u011bdci se chystaj\u00ed poprv\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout zemsk\u00e9ho pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b Jedno z nejambici\u00f3zn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u00fasil\u00ed v historii je v pln\u00e9m proudu, proto\u017ee v\u011bdci z programu Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed vyvrtat 3,7&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[212],"tags":[207,564,97,572,342],"class_list":["post-15061","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth-science","tag-geology","tag-exploration","tag-science","tag-earth-science","tag-life-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15061","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15061"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15061\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15062,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15061\/revisions\/15062"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15061"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15061"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15061"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}