Legenda o up\u00edrech, krve\u017e\u00edzniv\u00fdch bytostech, kter\u00e9 vys\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed s\u00edlu \u017eiv\u00fdch, uchv\u00e1tila lidskou fantazii na cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed. A\u010dkoli se up\u00ed\u0159i mohou jevit jako stvo\u0159en\u00ed z \u0159\u00ed\u0161e fantazie, existovala cel\u00e1 \u0159ada skute\u010dn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed byli obvin\u011bni z vampirismu a podstoupili d\u011bsiv\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly, aby se jejich komunity ochr\u00e1nily p\u0159ed jejich domn\u011bl\u00fdm zlem.<\/p>\n\n
V 18. a 19. stolet\u00ed byla up\u00ed\u0159\u00ed panika b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 v zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 Nov\u00e9 Anglii, zejm\u00e9na na Rhode Islandu. Kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo zem\u0159el na naka\u017elivou chorobu, jako je tuberkul\u00f3za, a dal\u0161\u00ed v okol\u00ed za\u010dali um\u00edrat na tut\u00e9\u017e nemoc, lid\u00e9 se \u010dasto domn\u00edvali, \u017ee se zesnul\u00fd vr\u00e1til jako up\u00edr, aby vys\u00e1l krev sv\u00fdm bl\u00edzk\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n
Aby se lid\u00e9 p\u0159ed up\u00edry ochr\u00e1nili, uch\u00fdlili se k extr\u00e9mn\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm. Vyhrab\u00e1vali t\u011bla domn\u011bl\u00fdch up\u00edr\u016f, probod\u00e1vali je k\u016flem skrz srdce, p\u00e1lili jim srdce nebo je st\u00ednali. Tyto praktiky se li\u0161ily v z\u00e1vislosti na regionu, ale v\u0161echny vych\u00e1zely z p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee up\u00edry lze zab\u00edt zni\u010den\u00edm jejich t\u011bl.<\/p>\n\n
Peter Plogojowitz:<\/strong> V roce 1725 byl tento srbsk\u00fd vesni\u010dan exhumov\u00e1n a probodnut k\u016flem skrz srdce pot\u00e9, co zem\u0159el na nezn\u00e1mou nemoc. Jeho exhumace \u00fazce n\u00e1sledovala \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed vzor pov\u011br o up\u00edrech, proto\u017ee byl ve sv\u00e9 vesnici prvn\u00ed, kdo zem\u0159el na tuto nemoc.<\/p>\n\n Arnold Paole:<\/strong> Po\u010d\u00e1tkem 18. stolet\u00ed si tento srbsk\u00fd vesni\u010dan zlomil vaz p\u0159i p\u00e1du z vozu se senem. Po s\u00e9rii \u00famrt\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 vesnici byl obvin\u011bn z vampirismu a exhumov\u00e1n. Jeho p\u0159\u00edpad je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pov\u011bry o up\u00edrech do z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy.<\/p>\n\n Nellie Vaughn:<\/strong> Poh\u0159bena v roce 1889 na Rhode Islandu b\u00fdv\u00e1 Nellie Vaughnov\u00e1 \u010dasto zam\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1na s Mercy Brownovou, dal\u0161\u00edm slavn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpadem up\u00edra. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b folklorista Michael Bell nazna\u010duje, \u017ee Vaughnov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpad chybn\u00e9 identity mohl vzniknout kv\u016fli d\u011bsiv\u00e9mu epitafu na jej\u00edm n\u00e1hrobku: \u201e\u010cek\u00e1m a d\u00e1v\u00e1m na tebe pozor\u201c.<\/p>\n\n Frederick Ransom:<\/strong> Student Dartmouth College z v\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 rodiny, Ransom zem\u0159el na tuberkul\u00f3zu v roce 1817. Jeho otec nechal exhumovat jeho t\u011blo a sp\u00e1lit srdce ve snaze zachr\u00e1nit zbytek rodiny, ale nezabr\u00e1nilo to \u00famrt\u00ed jeho matky, sestry a dvou bratr\u016f.<\/p>\n\n Bristoe Congdon’s Child:<\/strong> V 19. stolet\u00ed zem\u0159el na tuberkul\u00f3zu na Rhode Islandu \u010dernoch jm\u00e9nem Bristoe Congdon a n\u011bkolik jeho d\u011bt\u00ed. T\u011blo jednoho z d\u011bt\u00ed bylo exhumov\u00e1no a \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 org\u00e1ny sp\u00e1leny, co\u017e znamenalo prvn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy vamp\u00edrsk\u00e1 tradice p\u0159ekro\u010dila rasov\u00e9 hranice.<\/p>\n\n Annie Dennett:<\/strong> V roce 1810 zem\u0159ela Annie Dennett na souchot\u011b ve venkovsk\u00e9m New Hampshiru. Jej\u00ed rodina exhumovala jej\u00ed t\u011blo ve snaze zachr\u00e1nit jej\u00edho otce, kter\u00fd tak\u00e9 trp\u011bl tuberkul\u00f3zou. Cestuj\u00edc\u00ed kazatel Enoch Hayes Place byl sv\u011bdkem exhumace a zaznamenal sv\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed do sv\u00e9ho den\u00edku.<\/p>\n\n V\u00edra v up\u00edry byla do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry zalo\u017eena na neznalosti naka\u017eliv\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 nech\u00e1pali, jak se nemoci \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed, a tak se domn\u00edvali, \u017ee se zesnul\u00ed vracej\u00ed, aby ubl\u00ed\u017eili \u017eiv\u00fdm. P\u0159irozen\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky rozkladu, jako je nad\u00fdm\u00e1n\u00ed a krv\u00e1cen\u00ed, byly \u010dasto nespr\u00e1vn\u011b interpretov\u00e1ny jako d\u016fkaz up\u00edrsk\u00e9 aktivity.<\/p>\n\n Jedn\u00edm z nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f up\u00edr\u016f v americk\u00e9 historii je p\u0159\u00edpad Mercy Brownov\u00e9, kter\u00e1 zem\u0159ela na tuberkul\u00f3zu v roce 1892. Jej\u00ed t\u011blo bylo exhumov\u00e1no a jej\u00ed srdce sp\u00e1leno ve snaze zastavit \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nemoci. Jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad z\u00edskal velkou pozornost a p\u0159isp\u011bl k rozdm\u00fdch\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed up\u00edrsk\u00e9 paniky v Nov\u00e9 Anglii.<\/p>\n\n Zat\u00edmco up\u00ed\u0159\u00ed legendy jsou \u010dasto spojov\u00e1ny s evropsk\u00fdm folklorem, p\u0159\u00edpad Bristoe Congdon’s Child nazna\u010duje, \u017ee tradice tak\u00e9 p\u0159ekro\u010dila rasov\u00e9 hranice v Americe. Tento p\u0159\u00edpad vrh\u00e1 sv\u011btlo na roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd strach a pov\u011bry kolem up\u00edr\u016f v 18. a 19. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se v\u00e1\u017een\u00ed duchovn\u00ed v Nov\u00e9 Anglii \u00fa\u010dastnili up\u00edrsk\u00fdch lov\u016f. Enoch Hayes Place, baptistick\u00fd kazatel, byl sv\u011bdkem exhumace Annie Dennett a zaznamenal sv\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed do sv\u00e9ho den\u00edku. Jeho \u00fa\u010dast nazna\u010duje, \u017ee ani vzd\u011blan\u00ed jedinci nebyli imunn\u00ed v\u016f\u010di strachu z up\u00edr\u016f.<\/p>\n\n Pro ty, kter\u00e9 fascinuje historie a tradice up\u00edr\u016f, je \u201eThe Vampire Archives\u201c nejucelen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sb\u00edrkou up\u00edrsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f, jak\u00e1 kdy byla vyd\u00e1na. Tato kniha obsahuje klasick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta a poskytuje \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm hlub\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed trval\u00e9 fascinace t\u011bmito no\u010dn\u00edmi tvory.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Skute\u010dn\u00ed up\u00ed\u0159i v Nov\u00e9 Anglii a jinde Legenda o up\u00edrech Legenda o up\u00edrech, krve\u017e\u00edzniv\u00fdch bytostech, kter\u00e9 vys\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed s\u00edlu \u017eiv\u00fdch, uchv\u00e1tila lidskou fantazii na cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed. A\u010dkoli se up\u00ed\u0159i mohou…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[1902,11364,27,20126,1129,20124,20125,1252,9,99,20123,97],"class_list":["post-15065","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history-of-science","tag-folklore","tag-gothic","tag-history","tag-horror","tag-medicine","tag-new-england","tag-real-life","tag-sociology","tag-art","tag-lifescienceart","tag-vampires","tag-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15065","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15065"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15065\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15066,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15065\/revisions\/15066"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15065"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15065"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15065"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}V\u011bda za up\u00ed\u0159\u00edmi legendami<\/h3>\n\n
Smrt Mercy Brownov\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n
Up\u00ed\u0159\u00ed tradice p\u0159ekra\u010duje rasov\u00e9 hranice<\/h3>\n\n
Role duchovn\u00edch v up\u00edrsk\u00fdch lovech<\/h3>\n\n
Nejobs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed svazek up\u00edrsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f, jak\u00fd kdy byl vyd\u00e1n<\/h3>\n\n