{"id":15103,"date":"2020-12-11T12:19:46","date_gmt":"2020-12-11T12:19:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15103"},"modified":"2020-12-11T12:19:46","modified_gmt":"2020-12-11T12:19:46","slug":"the-battle-of-spotsylvania-a-shattered-tree-stump-tells-the-tale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/uncategorized\/the-battle-of-spotsylvania-a-shattered-tree-stump-tells-the-tale\/","title":{"rendered":"Bitva u Spotsylv\u00e1nie: Rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd pa\u0159ez vypr\u00e1v\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bitva u Spotsylv\u00e1nie: Rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd pa\u0159ez vypr\u00e1v\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh<\/h2>\n\n

Drsn\u00e1 intenzita bitvy<\/h2>\n\n

Bitva u Spotsylv\u00e1nie byla jednou z nejkrvav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nejintenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bitev americk\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Odehr\u00e1la se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u011bkolika dn\u016f v kv\u011btnu 1864, kdy se st\u0159etly s\u00edly Unie a Konfederace v zoufal\u00e9m boji o kontrolu nad Virgini\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Gener\u00e1l Unie Ulysses S. Grant byl odhodlan\u00fd zni\u010dit Arm\u00e1du severn\u00ed Virginie gener\u00e1la Konfederace Roberta E. Leeho, i kdyby to znamenalo velk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty pro jeho vlastn\u00ed Arm\u00e1du Potomac. Lee byl v\u0161ak pro Granta p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychl\u00fd a dorazil do Spotsylvania Court House v\u010das, aby jeho jednotky vybudovaly \u010dty\u0159i m\u00edle opevn\u011bn\u00fdch zemn\u00edch val\u016f, ne\u017e se Grant p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eil.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fd\u010dn\u011blek Mule Shoe<\/h2>\n\n

Leeova obrann\u00e1 linie zahrnovala m\u00edli dlouh\u00fd v\u00fd\u010dn\u011blek, kter\u00fd se oh\u00fdbal sm\u011brem ven v podob\u011b p\u0159evr\u00e1cen\u00e9ho U a byl zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako \u201eMule Shoe\u201c. P\u0159ed v\u00fd\u010dn\u011blkem st\u00e1la velk\u00e1 dubov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 se m\u011bla st\u00e1t symbolem zu\u0159ivosti bitvy.<\/p>\n\n

\u00datok Unie<\/h2>\n\n
    \n
  1. kv\u011btna vtrhly jednotky Unie za \u00fasvitu do konfedera\u010dn\u00edch opevn\u011bn\u00ed a vlily se do v\u00fd\u010dn\u011blku Mule Shoe. Lee vyslal posily a ob\u011b strany tvrd\u011b bojovaly. Byla to nejdel\u0161\u00ed nep\u0159eru\u0161ovan\u00e1 bitva v t\u011bsn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti cel\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kter\u00e1 zu\u0159ila nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b b\u011bhem dne pln\u00e9ho vytrval\u00e9ho de\u0161t\u011b a\u017e do noci.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Krvav\u00fd \u00fahel<\/h2>\n\n

    \u00datok Unie se po dvaceti hodin\u00e1ch v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 v\u0159avy zhroutil, co\u017e zredukovalo dub na rozbit\u00fd pa\u0159ez. Oblast kolem pa\u0159ezu byla zn\u00e1ma jako Krvav\u00fd \u00fahel, co\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o masakru, kter\u00fd se tam odehr\u00e1l.<\/p>\n\n

    Grant\u016fv pobo\u010dn\u00edk, podplukovn\u00edk Horace Porter, nav\u0161t\u00edvil Krvav\u00fd \u00fahel a popsal sc\u00e9nu: \u201ePod masou rychle se rozkl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edch mrtvol ukazovaly k\u0159e\u010dovit\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0161kuby kon\u010detin a sv\u00edjen\u00ed t\u011bl, \u017ee tam byli st\u00e1le \u017eiv\u00ed zran\u011bn\u00ed mu\u017ei, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017eili osvobodit se z hr\u016fzn\u00e9ho poh\u0159ben\u00ed. Byla poskytnuta ve\u0161ker\u00e1 mo\u017en\u00e1 pomoc, ale v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech p\u0159i\u0161la p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b.\u201c<\/p>\n\n

    N\u00e1sledky<\/h2>\n\n

    Bitva u Spotsylv\u00e1nie skon\u010dila patovou situac\u00ed, kdy \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 ze stran nedos\u00e1hla rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. P\u0159esto m\u011bla bitva hlubok\u00fd dopad na ob\u011b arm\u00e1dy. Arm\u00e1da Unie utrp\u011bla velk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty a Grantova strategie zni\u010dit Leeovu arm\u00e1du za ka\u017edou cenu se dostala pod rostouc\u00ed kritiku.<\/p>\n\n

    Tak\u00e9 Leeova arm\u00e1da byla bitvou oslabena a on byl nucen ustoupit do Richmondu. Bitva u Spotsylv\u00e1nie znamenala obrat v americk\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, proto\u017ee bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 ze stran nem\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout rychl\u00e9ho a snadn\u00e9ho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

    Rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd pa\u0159ez<\/h2>\n\n

    Rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd pa\u0159ez, kter\u00fd st\u00e1l ve st\u0159edu Krvav\u00e9ho \u00fahlu, se stal siln\u00fdm symbolem hr\u016fz americk\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Byl n\u011bm\u00fdm sv\u011bdkem n\u00e1sil\u00ed a krveprolit\u00ed, ke kter\u00fdm do\u0161lo v osudn\u00fd den.<\/p>\n\n

    Dnes je pa\u0159ez ulo\u017een ve Smithsonov\u011b n\u00e1rodn\u00edm muzeu americk\u00e9 historie. Je to p\u0159ipom\u00ednka ob\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ob\u011b strany p\u0159inesly b\u011bhem americk\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, a varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed nebezpe\u010d\u00edm v\u00e1lky.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Bitva u Spotsylv\u00e1nie: Rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd pa\u0159ez vypr\u00e1v\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Drsn\u00e1 intenzita bitvy Bitva u Spotsylv\u00e1nie byla jednou z nejkrvav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nejintenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bitev americk\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Odehr\u00e1la se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u011bkolika dn\u016f v…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1001,20180,27,20181,3270],"class_list":["post-15103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-civil-war","tag-battle-of-spotsylvania","tag-history","tag-tree-stump","tag-warfare"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15103","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15103"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15103\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15104,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15103\/revisions\/15104"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15103"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15103"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}