{"id":15141,"date":"2021-09-25T08:39:36","date_gmt":"2021-09-25T08:39:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15141"},"modified":"2021-09-25T08:39:36","modified_gmt":"2021-09-25T08:39:36","slug":"joseph-hayne-rainey-first-african-american-congressman","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/uncategorized\/joseph-hayne-rainey-first-african-american-congressman\/","title":{"rendered":"Joseph Hayne Rainey: prvn\u00ed afroamerick\u00fd kongresman"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Joseph Hayne Rainey: Prvn\u00ed afroamerick\u00fd kongresman<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Narozen\u00ed a ml\u00e1d\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Joseph Hayne Rainey se narodil v roce 1832 do otroctv\u00ed v Georgetownu v Ji\u017en\u00ed Karol\u00edn\u011b. P\u0159es omezen\u00ed ulo\u017een\u00e1 zotro\u010den\u00fdm lidem byl Raineyho otec Edward schopen vyd\u011blat dost pen\u011bz na to, aby si koupil svobodu a nakonec i svobodu sv\u00e9 rodiny.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka a emigrace<\/h2>\n\n<p>B\u011bhem ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky byl Rainey odveden do arm\u00e1dy Konfederace. Pozd\u011bji v\u0161ak uprchl na Bermudy, kde pracoval jako holi\u010d a z\u00edskal z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Politick\u00e1 kari\u00e9ra<\/h2>\n\n<p>Po v\u00e1lce se Rainey vr\u00e1til do Ji\u017en\u00ed Karol\u00edny a zapojil se do politiky. P\u016fsobil v Sen\u00e1tu st\u00e1tu Ji\u017en\u00ed Karol\u00edna a v roce 1870 byl zvolen do Sn\u011bmovny reprezentant\u016f USA, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se stal prvn\u00edm Afroameri\u010danem, kter\u00fd zast\u00e1val tuto funkci.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdzvy a \u00fasp\u011bchy<\/h2>\n\n<p>Raineyho politick\u00e1 kari\u00e9ra byla poznamen\u00e1na jak v\u00fdzvami, tak \u00fasp\u011bchy. \u010celil rasismu a diskriminaci ze strany b\u00edl\u00fdch supremacist\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b v\u00fdhru\u017eek n\u00e1sil\u00edm a dokonce i pokusu o atent\u00e1t. P\u0159es tyto p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky se Rainey stal hlasit\u00fdm zast\u00e1ncem ob\u010dansk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a volebn\u00edho pr\u00e1va pro Afroameri\u010dany. Hr\u00e1l kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i p\u0159ijet\u00ed z\u00e1kona Ku Klux Klan a z\u00e1kona o ob\u010dansk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech z roku 1875.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Obdob\u00ed rekonstrukce<\/h2>\n\n<p>Raineyho p\u016fsoben\u00ed v Kongresu se shodovalo s obdob\u00edm rekonstrukce, obdob\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch spole\u010densk\u00fdch a politick\u00fdch zm\u011bn na Jihu po ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. Afroameri\u010dan\u00e9 z\u00edskali nov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti, ale tak\u00e9 \u010delili odporu a n\u00e1sil\u00ed ze strany b\u00edl\u00fdch supremacist\u016f. Rainey byl p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm sv\u011bdkem boj\u016f a triumf\u016f t\u00e9to bou\u0159liv\u00e9 doby.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hambursk\u00fd masakr a politick\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>V roce 1876 Rainey odsoudil hambursk\u00fd masakr, \u00fatok b\u00edl\u00fdch supremacist\u016f na \u010dernou domobranu v Ji\u017en\u00ed Karol\u00edn\u011b. Odsoudil n\u00e1sil\u00ed a vyzval k ukon\u010den\u00ed potla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v Afroameri\u010dan\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kompromis z roku 1877 a konec rekonstrukce<\/h2>\n\n<p>V roce 1877 vedl kompromis mezi republik\u00e1ny a demokraty ke konci rekonstrukce. Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vojska byla sta\u017eena z Jihu a b\u00edl\u00ed supremacist\u00e9 znovu z\u00edskali kontrolu nad mnoha st\u00e1tn\u00edmi vl\u00e1dami. Raineyho politick\u00e1 kari\u00e9ra byla v d\u016fsledku tohoto kompromisu p\u0159eru\u0161ena.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u011bdictv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Odkaz Josepha Hayne Raineyho jako pr\u016fkopn\u00edka ob\u010dansk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a zast\u00e1nce Afroameri\u010dan\u016f i nad\u00e1le inspiruje generace. Jeho odvaha, odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed a neochv\u011bjn\u00fd z\u00e1vazek v\u016f\u010di spravedlnosti z n\u011bj ud\u011blaly symbol boje za rovnost a s\u00edlu vytrvalosti.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed fakta<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rainey byl prvn\u00edm Afroameri\u010danem, kter\u00fd p\u0159edsedal Sn\u011bmovn\u011b reprezentant\u016f USA jako do\u010dasn\u00fd p\u0159edseda.<\/li>\n<li>Byl \u010dlenem V\u00fdboru pro indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti Sn\u011bmovny a zast\u00e1ncem pr\u00e1v p\u016fvodn\u00edch Ameri\u010dan\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Jeho dcera Olive byla aktivn\u00ed \u010dlenkou N\u00e1rodn\u00edho sdru\u017een\u00ed pro pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed barevn\u00fdch lid\u00ed (NAACP).<\/li>\n<li>Rodinn\u00fd d\u016fm Raineyho v Georgetownu v Ji\u017en\u00ed Karol\u00edn\u011b je zaps\u00e1n v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm registru historick\u00fdch m\u00edst.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Joseph Hayne Rainey: Prvn\u00ed afroamerick\u00fd kongresman Narozen\u00ed a ml\u00e1d\u00ed Joseph Hayne Rainey se narodil v roce 1832 do otroctv\u00ed v Georgetownu v Ji\u017en\u00ed Karol\u00edn\u011b. P\u0159es omezen\u00ed ulo\u017een\u00e1 zotro\u010den\u00fdm lidem byl&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1080,3914,20211,20210,1879,765,489,1565],"class_list":["post-15141","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-african-american-history","tag-united-states-history","tag-joseph-hayne-rainey","tag-congress","tag-civil-rights","tag-slavery","tag-politics","tag-reconstruction"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15141","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15141"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15141\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15142,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15141\/revisions\/15142"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15141"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15141"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}