V roce 1937 objevil Isidor I. Rabi jadernou magnetickou rezonanci (NMR), jev, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m atomov\u00e1 j\u00e1dra vys\u00edlaj\u00ed r\u00e1diov\u00e9 vlny, kdy\u017e jsou vystavena magnetick\u00e9mu poli. Tento objev otev\u0159el cestu pro technologii MRI.<\/p>\n\n
V 60. letech 20. stolet\u00ed m\u011bl Raymond Damadian, l\u00e9ka\u0159 se z\u00e1jmem o experimentov\u00e1n\u00ed, n\u00e1pad: lze NMR pou\u017e\u00edt k detekci rakoviny v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble? Teoretizoval, \u017ee rakovinn\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b obsahuj\u00ed v\u00edce vody, co\u017e by vys\u00edlalo siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vod\u00edkov\u00fd sign\u00e1l p\u0159i NMR skenov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
V roce 1972 postavil Damadian prvn\u00ed lidsk\u00fd MRI skener, kter\u00e9mu dal jm\u00e9no \u201eIndomitable\u201c. Byl to obrovsk\u00fd stroj se supravodiv\u00fdm magnetem a nositelnou ant\u00e9nn\u00ed c\u00edvkou. P\u0159es svou hrubou konstrukci dos\u00e1hl Indomitable prvn\u00edho lidsk\u00e9ho sn\u00edmku v roce 1977, kter\u00fd odhalil dvourozm\u011brn\u00fd obraz pacientova hrudn\u00edku.<\/p>\n\n
Mezit\u00edm Paul Lauterbur, chemik na Stony Brook University, vyvinul jin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed MRI pomoc\u00ed gradient\u016f magnetick\u00e9ho pole. Lauterburova metoda si rychle z\u00edskala oblibu oproti Damadianov\u011b, proto\u017ee produkovala jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obrazy.<\/p>\n\n
Damadian podal patent na sv\u016fj koncept MRI v roce 1972, co\u017e vyvolalo pr\u00e1vn\u00ed spor s Lauterburem. V roce 1997 vyhr\u00e1la Damadianova spole\u010dnost Fonar \u017ealobu za poru\u0161en\u00ed patentu ve v\u00fd\u0161i 128 milion\u016f dolar\u016f proti spole\u010dnosti General Electric, \u010d\u00edm\u017e upevnila jeho roli pr\u016fkopn\u00edka v technologii MRI.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159es svou pr\u016fkopnickou povahu byl prvn\u00ed sn\u00edmek Indomitable kritizov\u00e1n za svou hrubost a n\u00e1chylnost k zkreslen\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdci tvrdili, \u017ee Damadian\u016fv p\u0159\u00edstup byl technickou slepou uli\u010dkou, proto\u017ee dokonce i Fonar nakonec p\u0159ijal Lauterburovu metodu.<\/p>\n\n
Dnes je Indomitable vystaven v S\u00edni sl\u00e1vy n\u00e1rodn\u00edch vyn\u00e1lezc\u016f, co\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o Damadianov\u011b pr\u016fkopnick\u00e9m duchu. Jeho pr\u00e1ce polo\u017eila z\u00e1klady pro modern\u00ed technologii MRI, kter\u00e1 zp\u016fsobila revoluci v l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 diagnostice.<\/p>\n\n
Od sv\u00e9ho vzniku pro\u0161la technologie MRI v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm pokrokem, co\u017e vedlo ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed kvality obrazu, krat\u0161\u00edm dob\u00e1m skenov\u00e1n\u00ed a nov\u00fdm aplikac\u00edm. MRI se nyn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k diagnostice \u0161irok\u00e9ho spektra zdravotn\u00edch stav\u016f, od rakoviny po srde\u010dn\u00ed choroby.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci neust\u00e1le posouvaj\u00ed hranice MRI a zkoumaj\u00ed jeho potenci\u00e1l pro mapov\u00e1n\u00ed mozku, chirurgick\u00e9 veden\u00ed a dokonce v\u010dasn\u00e9 odhalen\u00ed neurodegenerativn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Jak se oblast MRI nad\u00e1le vyv\u00edj\u00ed, je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee budouc\u00ed Nobelovy ceny budou ud\u011bleny v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed odemknou jeho pln\u00fd potenci\u00e1l a u\u010din\u00ed pr\u016flomov\u00e9 objevy v jeho aplikac\u00edch.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Historie magnetick\u00e9 rezonance (MRI) Zrod my\u0161lenky V roce 1937 objevil Isidor I. Rabi jadernou magnetickou rezonanci (NMR), jev, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m atomov\u00e1 j\u00e1dra vys\u00edlaj\u00ed r\u00e1diov\u00e9 vlny, kdy\u017e jsou vystavena magnetick\u00e9mu poli.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[507],"tags":[35,20236,679,20235,4268,20233,20234],"class_list":["post-15164","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medical-technology","tag-science-history","tag-medical-controversies","tag-medical-imaging","tag-medical-pioneers","tag-medical-technology","tag-magnetic-resonance-imaging","tag-mri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15164","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15164"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15164\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15165,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15164\/revisions\/15165"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15164"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15164"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15164"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}