Jezero Natron le\u017e\u00ed na \u00fapat\u00ed hory v tanzansk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edkopov\u00e9 propadlin\u011b Gregoryho a je to surre\u00e1ln\u00e1 a smrt\u00edc\u00ed krajina. Jeho vody jsou p\u0159esyceny sol\u00ed, dosahuj\u00ed teplot 60 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia a maj\u00ed hodnotu pH mezi 9 a 10,5. Toto \u017e\u00edrav\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit kalcifikaci zv\u00ed\u0159at, odstranit inkoust z pap\u00edru a pop\u00e1lit k\u016f\u017ei a o\u010di nep\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00fdch tvor\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Unik\u00e1tn\u00ed barva jezera poch\u00e1z\u00ed z sinic, kter\u00e9 fotosyntetizuj\u00ed do \u017eiv\u00fdch \u010derven\u00fdch a oran\u017eov\u00fdch odst\u00edn\u016f, jak se voda odpa\u0159uje a zvy\u0161uje se slanost. P\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e k tomuto procesu dojde v obdob\u00ed sucha, vypad\u00e1 jezero mod\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159esto\u017ee jezero Natron vykazuje drsn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, je to r\u00e1j pro mal\u00e9 plame\u0148\u00e1ky. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 t\u0159i a\u017e \u010dty\u0159i roky, kdy\u017e jsou podm\u00ednky p\u0159\u00edhodn\u00e9, se jezero st\u00e1v\u00e1 hn\u00edzdi\u0161t\u011bm t\u011bchto pt\u00e1k\u016f. T\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny mal\u00fdch plame\u0148\u00e1k\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b migruj\u00ed z jin\u00fdch slan\u00fdch jezer v p\u0159\u00edkopov\u00e9 propadlin\u011b Rift Valley, aby si postavily hn\u00edzda na ostrovech ze soln\u00fdch krystal\u016f, kter\u00e9 vystupuj\u00ed, kdy\u017e hladina vody klesne na ur\u010dit\u00fd bod. Tato ochrana p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkop chr\u00e1n\u00ed jejich ml\u00e1\u010fata p\u0159ed pred\u00e1tory.<\/p>\n\n
Plame\u0148\u00e1ci si vyvinuli odolnou k\u016f\u017ei na nohou, aby odolali slan\u00e9 vod\u011b. Lid\u00e9 by naopak utrp\u011bli v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 pop\u00e1leniny, pokud by byli vystaveni vod\u011b po del\u0161\u00ed dobu.<\/p>\n\n
Zat\u00edmco jezero Natron je jedovat\u00e9 pro v\u011bt\u0161inu forem \u017eivota, n\u011bkolik druh\u016f se p\u0159izp\u016fsobilo jeho jedine\u010dn\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m. Ryby tilapie se da\u0159\u00ed v lagun\u00e1ch s n\u00edzkou salinitou, kter\u00e9 jsou tvo\u0159eny hork\u00fdmi prameny vt\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00edmi do jezera. Tyto ryby se mohou uch\u00fdlit do proud\u00edc\u00edch \u00fato\u010di\u0161\u0165, kdy\u017e hladina vody stoup\u00e1 a laguny se spoj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Tento k\u0159ehk\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m \u010del\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm hrozb\u00e1m ze strany t\u011b\u017eby sody. Tanzansk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da pl\u00e1nuje t\u011b\u017eit tuto chemik\u00e1lii, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b skla a detergent\u016f, z jezera. A\u010dkoli se d\u016fln\u00ed \u010dinnost nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 mil daleko, ochran\u00e1\u0159i se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee by mohla naru\u0161it p\u0159irozen\u00fd vodn\u00ed cyklus jezera a hn\u00edzdi\u0161t\u011b plame\u0148\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Jezero Natron je d\u016fkazem odolnosti \u017eivota i v t\u011bch nejtvrd\u0161\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Mal\u00ed plame\u0148\u00e1ci a ryby tilapie se vyvinuly tak, aby vyu\u017e\u00edvaly jedine\u010dnou chemii jezera, a vytvo\u0159ily tak symbiotick\u00fd vztah v jinak nehostinn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Jemn\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha ekosyst\u00e9mu je v\u0161ak ohro\u017eena lidsk\u00fdmi \u010dinnostmi, co\u017e zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed na ochranu t\u011bchto mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch tvor\u016f a jejich biotopu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Jezero Natron: Smrt\u00edc\u00ed o\u00e1za pro mal\u00e9 plame\u0148\u00e1ky Jezero extr\u00e9m\u016f Jezero Natron le\u017e\u00ed na \u00fapat\u00ed hory v tanzansk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edkopov\u00e9 propadlin\u011b Gregoryho a je to surre\u00e1ln\u00e1 a smrt\u00edc\u00ed krajina. Jeho vody jsou…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23807,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[20267,20266,401,20268,20269],"class_list":["post-15191","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biology","tag-lake-natron","tag-lesser-flamingos","tag-conservation","tag-cyanobacteria","tag-soda-ash-mining"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15191","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15191"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15191\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15192,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15191\/revisions\/15192"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23807"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15191"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15191"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15191"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}