{"id":15231,"date":"2022-01-18T18:02:44","date_gmt":"2022-01-18T18:02:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15231"},"modified":"2022-01-18T18:02:44","modified_gmt":"2022-01-18T18:02:44","slug":"gravitational-waves-the-hunt-and-the-disappointment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/astronomy-and-astrophysics\/gravitational-waves-the-hunt-and-the-disappointment\/","title":{"rendered":"Gravita\u010dn\u00ed vlny: Honba a zklam\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gravita\u010dn\u00ed vlny: Honba a zklam\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co jsou gravita\u010dn\u00ed vlny?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Gravita\u010dn\u00ed vlny jsou zvln\u011bn\u00ed v prostoru-\u010dasu zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 mohutn\u00fdmi kosmick\u00fdmi ud\u00e1lostmi, jako je sr\u00e1\u017eka \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br nebo rychl\u00e1 expanze vesm\u00edru v jeho ran\u00fdch st\u00e1di\u00edch. Detekce t\u011bchto vln by poskytla cenn\u00e9 poznatky o z\u00e1kladn\u00ed povaze gravitace a p\u016fvodu vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Velk\u00fd t\u0159esk a inflace<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed teori\u00ed o vzniku vesm\u00edru je Velk\u00fd t\u0159esk, kter\u00fd p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee vesm\u00edr za\u010dal jako nekone\u010dn\u011b mal\u00fd bod, kter\u00fd se rychle rozp\u00ednl v procesu zvan\u00e9m inflace. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee gravita\u010dn\u00ed vlny vznikly b\u011bhem tohoto infla\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kosmick\u00e9 mikrovlnn\u00e9 pozad\u00ed a B-modov\u00e1 polarizace<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kosmick\u00e9 mikrovlnn\u00e9 pozad\u00ed (CMB) je starov\u011bk\u00e9 sv\u011btlo vyza\u0159ovan\u00e9 pouh\u00fdch 380 000 let po Velk\u00e9m t\u0159esku. Obsahuje slab\u00fd polariza\u010dn\u00ed vzorec, kter\u00fd lze pou\u017e\u00edt k hled\u00e1n\u00ed gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee specifick\u00fd typ polarizace zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako B-modov\u00e1 polarizace bude zp\u016fsoben gravita\u010dn\u00edmi vlnami.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">BICEP2 a Planck: Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed objev a pochybnosti<\/h2>\n\n<p>V roce 2014 ozn\u00e1mil dalekohled BICEP2 na ji\u017en\u00edm p\u00f3lu detekci siln\u00e9ho B-modov\u00e9ho polariza\u010dn\u00edho sign\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd byl zpo\u010d\u00e1tku oslavov\u00e1n jako d\u016fkaz primordi\u00e1ln\u00edch gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln. N\u00e1sledn\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy v\u0161ak vyvolaly obavy, \u017ee sign\u00e1l mohl b\u00fdt kontaminov\u00e1n prachem v na\u0161\u00ed galaxii.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Spole\u010dn\u00e1 anal\u00fdza: Prach nebo vlny?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Aby se odstranila nejistota, byla provedena spole\u010dn\u00e1 anal\u00fdza mezi dalekohledem BICEP2 a kosmick\u00fdm dalekohledem Planck, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed zorn\u00e9 pole a dok\u00e1\u017ee l\u00e9pe detekovat prachov\u00e9 emise. Unikl\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky t\u00e9to anal\u00fdzy nyn\u00ed potvrdily, \u017ee sign\u00e1l BICEP2 byl skute\u010dn\u011b zp\u016fsoben prachem.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdznam zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Spole\u010dn\u00e1 anal\u00fdza zasadila po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm tvrzen\u00edm o detekci gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln tvrdou r\u00e1nu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b definitivn\u011b nevylu\u010duje existenci gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln. Znamen\u00e1 to pouze, \u017ee sign\u00e1l BICEP2 nebyl dostate\u010dn\u011b siln\u00fd, aby mohl b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1n za pr\u016fkaznou detekci.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed pokra\u010duje<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159es ne\u00fasp\u011bch p\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed po gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln\u00e1ch pokra\u010duje. V\u011bdci vylep\u0161uj\u00ed sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje a analytick\u00e9 techniky a zkoumaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 alternativn\u00ed metody detekce. A\u010dkoli se honba uk\u00e1zala jako n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1, potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed odm\u011bny jsou obrovsk\u00e9, proto\u017ee gravita\u010dn\u00ed vlny by mohly odhalit hlubok\u00e1 tajemstv\u00ed o vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 slova s dlouh\u00fdm ohonem:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>V\u00fdzvy detekce gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln<\/li>\n<li>Budouc\u00ed vyhl\u00eddky gravita\u010dn\u011b-vlnov\u00e9 astronomie<\/li>\n<li>Role prachu v astronomick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00edch<\/li>\n<li>Dopad v\u00fdsledk\u016f BICEP2 a Plancku na kosmologii<\/li>\n<li>Prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj v oblasti detekce gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gravita\u010dn\u00ed vlny: Honba a zklam\u00e1n\u00ed Co jsou gravita\u010dn\u00ed vlny? Gravita\u010dn\u00ed vlny jsou zvln\u011bn\u00ed v prostoru-\u010dasu zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 mohutn\u00fdmi kosmick\u00fdmi ud\u00e1lostmi, jako je sr\u00e1\u017eka \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br nebo rychl\u00e1 expanze vesm\u00edru v jeho&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1836],"tags":[436,3132,697,434,613],"class_list":["post-15231","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy-and-astrophysics","tag-astrophysics","tag-gravitational-waves","tag-cosmology","tag-space-exploration","tag-scientific-discovery"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15231"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15231\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15232,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15231\/revisions\/15232"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15231"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15231"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}