Kdy\u017e se lid\u00e9 vydaj\u00ed do nekone\u010dn\u00fdch d\u00e1lav vesm\u00edru, \u010del\u00ed mnoha nebezpe\u010d\u00edm, v\u010detn\u011b vystaven\u00ed kosmick\u00e9mu z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Tyto vysokoenergetick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ze supernovov\u00fdch exploz\u00ed mohou proniknout do lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla a po\u0161kodit DNA, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku rakoviny a dal\u0161\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum odhalil dal\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed hrozbu pro astronauty: po\u0161kozen\u00ed mozku. Studie proveden\u00e1 Charlesem Limolim a jeho t\u00fdmem na l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 fakult\u011b Kalifornsk\u00e9 univerzity v Irvine uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee i relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 d\u00e1vky kosmick\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed mohou u my\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsobit kognitivn\u00ed a pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 poruchy.<\/p>\n\n
V r\u00e1mci studie byla \u0161estim\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed my\u0161i vystavena r\u016fzn\u00fdm d\u00e1vk\u00e1m energeticky nabit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic, kter\u00e9 jsou podobn\u00e9 t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v galaktick\u00e9m kosmick\u00e9m z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. O \u0161est t\u00fddn\u016f pozd\u011bji v\u011bdci testovali schopnost my\u0161\u00ed prozkoum\u00e1vat nov\u00e9 objekty, co\u017e je \u00fakol, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje zdravou pam\u011b\u0165 a syst\u00e9my u\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee oz\u00e1\u0159en\u00e9 my\u0161i vykazovaly v\u00fdrazn\u011b zhor\u0161en\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e nazna\u010duje ztr\u00e1tu zv\u011bdavosti a tendenc\u00ed hledat nov\u00e9 v\u011bci. T\u00fdm tak\u00e9 pozoroval struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny v medi\u00e1ln\u00ed prefront\u00e1ln\u00ed k\u016f\u0159e, oblasti mozku, kter\u00e1 se pod\u00edl\u00ed na kognitivn\u00edch procesech vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du, jako je pam\u011b\u0165. Tyto zm\u011bny zahrnovaly sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed slo\u017eitosti a hustoty dendrit\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro efektivn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bnu informac\u00ed v mozku, a zm\u011bny v PSD-95, proteinu, kter\u00fd je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro neurotransmisi a u\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Pozorovan\u00e9 bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 zm\u011bny u oz\u00e1\u0159en\u00fdch my\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo souvisely s kognitivn\u00edm v\u00fdkonem, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e my\u0161i, kter\u00e9 vykazovaly nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny, m\u011bly nejhor\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon. Tyto deficity se zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt trval\u00e9, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee vystaven\u00ed kosmick\u00e9mu z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed by mohlo m\u00edt dlouhodob\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na zdrav\u00ed mozku.<\/p>\n\n
Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9to studie maj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro budouc\u00ed mise na Mars. Mise na Mars a zp\u011bt potrv\u00e1 podle odhad\u016f dva a\u017e t\u0159i roky, co\u017e vystav\u00ed astronauty zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 \u00farovni kosmick\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Kognitivn\u00ed poruchy pozorovan\u00e9 u my\u0161\u00ed po pouh\u00fdch \u0161esti t\u00fddnech vystaven\u00ed vzbuzuj\u00ed obavy ohledn\u011b potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch dopad\u016f na astronauty b\u011bhem mise na Mars.<\/p>\n\n
NASA v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b zkoum\u00e1 pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed technologie st\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed, aby l\u00e9pe ochr\u00e1nila astronauty p\u0159ed kosmick\u00fdm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm. In\u017een\u00fd\u0159i zkoumaj\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak zlep\u0161it st\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch oblastech kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad v lo\u017enic\u00edch, a vyv\u00edjej\u00ed specializovan\u00e9 p\u0159ilby pro v\u00fdstupy do vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n\n
Zva\u017euj\u00ed se tak\u00e9 alternativn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly st\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed, aby se minimalizovala produkce sekund\u00e1rn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stic, kter\u00e9 mohou interagovat s t\u011blem a zp\u016fsobit po\u0161kozen\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
Krom\u011b st\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed mohou farmakologick\u00e9 intervence poskytnout ochranu p\u0159ed po\u0161kozen\u00edm mozku zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm. Limoli a jeho t\u00fdm zkoumaj\u00ed slibn\u00e9 slou\u010deniny, kter\u00e9 by mohly pomoci zm\u00edrnit \u00fa\u010dinky z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed na mozkovou tk\u00e1\u0148.<\/p>\n\n
Je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011bji simulovat lidskou expozici galaktick\u00e9mu kosmick\u00e9mu z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a zkoumat alternativn\u00ed mechanismy a typy bun\u011bk, kter\u00e9 by mohly p\u0159isp\u00edvat ke kognitivn\u00edm deficit\u016fm. Pochopen\u00ed t\u011bchto z\u00e1kladn\u00edch faktor\u016f bude z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro v\u00fdvoj \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch protiopat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu astronaut\u016f na vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch mis\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159esto\u017ee v\u00fdsledky t\u00e9to studie poukazuj\u00ed na potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed riziko pro astronauty, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pln\u011b porozum\u011bt \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm kosmick\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed na zdrav\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho mozku. NASA aktivn\u011b pracuje na v\u00fdvoji pokro\u010dil\u00fdch strategi\u00ed st\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed a zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed, aby zajistila bezpe\u010dnost budouc\u00edch pr\u016fzkumn\u00edk\u016f vesm\u00edru.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Po\u0161kozen\u00ed mozku: potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed riziko pro astronauty na Marsu Kosmick\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a mozek Kdy\u017e se lid\u00e9 vydaj\u00ed do nekone\u010dn\u00fdch d\u00e1lav vesm\u00edru, \u010del\u00ed mnoha nebezpe\u010d\u00edm, v\u010detn\u011b vystaven\u00ed kosmick\u00e9mu z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Tyto vysokoenergetick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[476],"tags":[7747,20359,20361,5319,18503,434,20360,2303],"class_list":["post-15263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-space-science","tag-cosmic-rays","tag-cognitive-impairment","tag-space-medicine","tag-mars-missions","tag-neuroprotection","tag-space-exploration","tag-radiation-effects","tag-brain-health"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15263","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15263"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15263\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15264,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15263\/revisions\/15264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15263"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15263"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15263"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}