Koncept \u00fakryt\u016f p\u0159ed jadern\u00fdm spadem vznikl po svr\u017een\u00ed atomov\u00fdch bomb na Hiro\u0161imu a Nagasaki v roce 1945. Fotografie p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00edch a zni\u010den\u00fdch m\u011bst vzbudily celosv\u011btov\u00e9 pov\u011bdom\u00ed o potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch hr\u016fz\u00e1ch jadern\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. V Japonsku p\u0159ijala popul\u00e1rn\u00ed kultura atomovou bombu jako liter\u00e1rn\u00ed a um\u011bleck\u00e9 t\u00e9ma, zejm\u00e9na v \u017e\u00e1nru “genbaku bungaku” (literatura o atomov\u00e9 bomb\u011b) a ve filmech jako “Godzilla” (1954).<\/p>\n\n
Ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech spustila Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed spr\u00e1va civiln\u00ed obrany (FCDA) desetiletou kampa\u0148, aby p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dila Ameri\u010dany, \u017ee mohou p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt jadern\u00fd \u00fatok v\u00fdstavbou \u00fakryt\u016f p\u0159ed radioaktivn\u00edm spadem. Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 osv\u011btov\u00e9 kampan\u011b, \u0161koln\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed a vl\u00e1dn\u00ed bro\u017eury zobrazovaly ide\u00e1ln\u00ed americkou rodinu hledaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b ve sv\u00fdch dob\u0159e z\u00e1soben\u00fdch krytech. Tyto sn\u00edmky posilovaly tradi\u010dn\u00ed hodnoty rodiny a p\u0159ipravenosti a z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159esouvaly odpov\u011bdnost za p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed ze st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n\n
Jak studen\u00e1 v\u00e1lka s\u00edlila, v\u00fdvoj v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed a uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed si dlouhodob\u00fdch zdravotn\u00edch n\u00e1sledk\u016f radioaktivn\u00edho spadu zpochybnily \u017eivotaschopnost \u00fakryt\u016f p\u0159ed jadern\u00fdm spadem. Protijadern\u00e9 n\u00e1lady s\u00edlily a popul\u00e1rn\u011b-kulturn\u00ed obrazy \u00fakryt\u016f p\u0159ed jadern\u00fdm spadem se st\u00e1valy st\u00e1le v\u00edce cynick\u00e9. Fiktivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy zobrazovaly p\u0159\u00edm\u011bstsk\u00e9 komunity propadaj\u00edc\u00ed se do chaosu, kdy\u017e se lid\u00e9 hnali za p\u0159\u00edstupem do omezen\u00e9ho po\u010dtu kryt\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Vyobrazen\u00ed \u00fakryt\u016f p\u0159ed jadern\u00fdm spadem zrcadlila m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se n\u00e1lady studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. B\u011bhem obdob\u00ed vietnamsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky odezn\u011bly diskuse o protiatomov\u00fdch krytech. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b prezidentstv\u00ed Ronalda Reagana a rostouc\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi USA a Sov\u011btsk\u00fdm svazem p\u0159ivedly jadernou v\u00e1lku zp\u011bt do pop\u0159ed\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho pov\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Kdy\u017e studen\u00e1 v\u00e1lka dos\u00e1hla sv\u00e9ho vrcholu, obrazov\u00e1 kultura kolem \u00fakryt\u016f p\u0159ed jadern\u00fdm spadem se stala je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159\u00ed\u0161ern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Filmy jako “When the Wind Blows” a “Threads” l\u00ed\u010dily ni\u010div\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky jadern\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a marnost \u00fakryt\u016f v takov\u00e9m sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i.<\/p>\n\n
Konec studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky p\u0159em\u011bnil \u00fakryty p\u0159ed jadern\u00fdm spadem na historick\u00e9 relikvie. Filmy jako “Blast from the Past” a videohry jako “Fallout” p\u0159edstavily protiatomov\u00e9 kryty jako ne\u0161kodn\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 schr\u00e1nky k\u00fd\u010dovit\u00e9 studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n\n
Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, v\u010detn\u011b rusk\u00e9 invaze na Ukrajinu, znovu p\u0159ivedly z\u00e1b\u011bry z \u00fakryt\u016f p\u0159ed jadern\u00fdm spadem do centra pozornosti ve\u0159ejnosti. Platformy soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed, jako je TikTok, nyn\u00ed poskytuj\u00ed necenzurovan\u00fd pohled na lidsk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady konfliktu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vide\u00ed rodin hledaj\u00edc\u00edch \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b v bunkrech. Tato zobrazen\u00ed vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b role \u00fakryt\u016f p\u0159ed jadern\u00fdm spadem v 21. stolet\u00ed a mo\u017enosti sv\u011bta, kde se op\u011bt stanou zastaral\u00fdmi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00dakryty p\u0159ed jadern\u00fdm spadem: P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh nad\u011bje a zoufalstv\u00ed P\u016fvod a prvn\u00ed vyobrazen\u00ed Koncept \u00fakryt\u016f p\u0159ed jadern\u00fdm spadem vznikl po svr\u017een\u00ed atomov\u00fdch bomb na Hiro\u0161imu a Nagasaki v roce 1945. Fotografie…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23966,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1613],"tags":[20395,27,63,20394,2098,770],"class_list":["post-15299","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nuclear-science","tag-atomic-age","tag-history","tag-culture","tag-nuclear-fallout-shelters","tag-society","tag-cold-war"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15299","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15299"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15299\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15300,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15299\/revisions\/15300"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23966"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15299"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15299"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15299"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}