{"id":15332,"date":"2021-12-01T15:43:31","date_gmt":"2021-12-01T15:43:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15332"},"modified":"2021-12-01T15:43:31","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T15:43:31","slug":"newly-discovered-swiss-amphitheater-may-be-the-last-gladiator-arena-ever-built","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/history\/newly-discovered-swiss-amphitheater-may-be-the-last-gladiator-arena-ever-built\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u011b objeven\u00fd \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fd amfite\u00e1tr m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt posledn\u00ed gladi\u00e1torskou ar\u00e9nou"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nov\u011b objeven\u00fd \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fd amfite\u00e1tr m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt posledn\u00ed gladi\u00e1torskou ar\u00e9nou, kter\u00e1 kdy byla postavena<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Objev a v\u00fdznam<\/h2>\n\n<p>Archeologov\u00e9 odkryli poz\u016fstatky star\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho amfite\u00e1tru na b\u0159ehu \u0159eky R\u00fdn ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu a jedn\u00e1 se o v\u00fdznamn\u00fd objev, proto\u017ee by se mohlo jednat o posledn\u00ed gladi\u00e1torskou ar\u00e9nu, kterou \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 postavili.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ov\u00e1ln\u00e1 stavba byla nalezena p\u0159i stavb\u011b nov\u00e9 lod\u011bnice pro Basilejsk\u00fd vesla\u0159sk\u00fd klub. Archeologov\u00e9 spekuluj\u00ed, \u017ee ar\u00e9na mohla b\u00fdt jednou z posledn\u00edch postaven\u00fdch p\u0159ed p\u00e1dem \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, kter\u00fd za\u010dal v roce 395 na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u016fkazy a stopy<\/h2>\n\n<p>Archeolog\u016fm pomohlo n\u011bkolik vod\u00edtek ur\u010dit datum amfite\u00e1tru do \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mince ra\u017een\u00e1 v letech 337 a\u017e 341 na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu<\/li>\n<li>K\u00e1menn\u00e9 bloky a malta podobn\u00e9 t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaly v pozdn\u011b antick\u00fdch pevnostn\u00edch zdech<\/li>\n<li>Dv\u011b velk\u00e9 br\u00e1ny s prahy z velk\u00fdch p\u00edskovcov\u00fdch blok\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Om\u00edtnut\u00e9 vnit\u0159n\u00ed st\u011bny vykazuj\u00edc\u00ed zn\u00e1mky d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch tribun<\/li>\n<li>D\u016fkaz d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho sloupu pro sedadlo, kter\u00e9 by mohl obsadit tribun nebo \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Historick\u00fd kontext<\/h2>\n\n<p>Amfite\u00e1tr se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v Kaiseraugstu, obci pojmenovan\u00e9 po starov\u011bk\u00e9m \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Augusta Raurica. Tato oblast kdysi tvo\u0159ila severn\u00ed hranici \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e ve 300. letech na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu. Objev amfite\u00e1tru zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam Castrum Rauracense, \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 pevnosti le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed nedaleko.<\/p>\n\n<p>Pevnost byla d\u016fle\u017eitou osadou s vojenskou funkc\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u00edm centrem. P\u0159\u00edtomnost amfite\u00e1tru nazna\u010duje, \u017ee tento region byl ve \u010dtvrt\u00e9m stolet\u00ed prosperuj\u00edc\u00edm centrem \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 aktivity.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s Koloseem<\/h2>\n\n<p>A\u010dkoli je \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fd amfite\u00e1tr mnohem men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ikonick\u00e9 Koloseum v \u0158\u00edm\u011b, p\u0159esto poskytuje cenn\u00e9 poznatky o \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 z\u00e1bav\u011b a architektu\u0159e. Koloseum, postaven\u00e9 kolem roku 70 na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu, mohlo pojmout p\u0159es 50 000 div\u00e1k\u016f a hostilo \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu p\u0159edstaven\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b gladi\u00e1torsk\u00fdch z\u00e1pas\u016f, souboj\u016f se zv\u00ed\u0159aty a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch bitev.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00fd amfite\u00e1tr m\u011bl naopak rozm\u011bry asi 164 stop kr\u00e1t 131 stop. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b hostil podobn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, by\u0165 v men\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1bava a pod\u00edvan\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 amfite\u00e1try byly v\u00edce\u00fa\u010delov\u00e1 m\u00edsta, kter\u00e1 hostila r\u016fzn\u00e9 pod\u00edvan\u00e9 a z\u00e1bavy. Div\u00e1ci se typicky hrnuli do t\u011bchto ar\u00e9n, aby byli sv\u011bdky:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gladi\u00e1torsk\u00fdch z\u00e1pas\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Z\u00e1vod\u016f voz\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Souboj\u016f se zv\u00ed\u0159aty<\/li>\n<li>Poprav<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Tyto ud\u00e1losti byly pro \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo popul\u00e1rn\u00ed formou z\u00e1bavy a nab\u00edzely sm\u011bs vzru\u0161en\u00ed, n\u00e1sil\u00ed a pod\u00edvan\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed objevy<\/h2>\n\n<p>Objev \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9ho amfite\u00e1tru p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k rostouc\u00edmu po\u010dtu \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch amfite\u00e1tr\u016f nalezen\u00fdch ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku. Celkem bylo identifikov\u00e1no osm z nich, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd poskytuje nahl\u00e9dnut\u00ed do architektonick\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed a kulturn\u00edch praktik \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p>\n\n<p>Minul\u00fd rok na ja\u0159e archeologov\u00e9 v Turecku tak\u00e9 odkryli stadion s kapacitou 20 000 div\u00e1k\u016f. Tento objev zd\u016fraz\u0148uje roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou popularitu amfite\u00e1tr\u016f v cel\u00e9 \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u011bdictv\u00ed \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e<\/h2>\n\n<p>Objev tohoto amfite\u00e1tru ze \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku vrh\u00e1 sv\u011btlo na posledn\u00ed dny \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Jak se \u0159\u00ed\u0161e za\u010dala rozpadat, jej\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 nad\u00e1le stav\u011bli a u\u017e\u00edvali si t\u011bchto ar\u00e9n, kter\u00e9 slou\u017eily jako symboly jejich kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed a tradic z\u00e1bavy.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nov\u011b objeven\u00fd \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fd amfite\u00e1tr m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt posledn\u00ed gladi\u00e1torskou ar\u00e9nou, kter\u00e1 kdy byla postavena Objev a v\u00fdznam Archeologov\u00e9 odkryli poz\u016fstatky star\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho amfite\u00e1tru na b\u0159ehu \u0159eky R\u00fdn ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[767],"tags":[20436,88,20437,27,3481,2123],"class_list":["post-15332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history","tag-amphitheater","tag-archaeology","tag-gladiators","tag-history","tag-roman-empire","tag-switzerland"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15332","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15332"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15332\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15333,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15332\/revisions\/15333"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15332"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15332"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15332"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}