{"id":15364,"date":"2024-07-07T23:35:43","date_gmt":"2024-07-07T23:35:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15364"},"modified":"2024-07-07T23:35:43","modified_gmt":"2024-07-07T23:35:43","slug":"preserving-aramaic-geoffrey-khan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/culture\/preserving-aramaic-geoffrey-khan\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak zachr\u00e1nit um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed jazyk: Dokumentace aramej\u0161tiny s Geoffreym Khanem"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jak zachr\u00e1nit um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed jazyk: Dokumentace aramej\u0161tiny s Geoffreym Khanem<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdznam zachov\u00e1n\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00fdch jazyk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Jazyky miz\u00ed alarmuj\u00edc\u00edm tempem, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee do konce stolet\u00ed zmiz\u00ed a\u017e 90 % ze 7 000 jazyk\u016f sv\u011bta. Tato ztr\u00e1ta je trag\u00e9di\u00ed pro kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed a jazykovou rozmanitost.<\/p>\n\n

Dokumentace ohro\u017een\u00fdch jazyk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Poln\u00ed lingvist\u00e9 hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v zachov\u00e1n\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00fdch jazyk\u016f t\u00edm, \u017ee je dokumentuj\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm gramatiky, text\u016f a slovn\u00edk\u016f. Tato dokumentace umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u011bdc\u016fm tyto jazyky studovat a porozum\u011bt jim a zachovat jejich jedine\u010dn\u00e9 rysy a struktury pro budouc\u00ed generace.<\/p>\n\n

Geoffrey Khan: Aramejsk\u00fd lingvista<\/h2>\n\n

Geoffrey Khan je uzn\u00e1van\u00fd aramejsk\u00fd lingvista, kter\u00fd zasv\u011btil svou kari\u00e9ru dokumentov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch dialekt\u016f tohoto starov\u011bk\u00e9ho jazyka. Aramej\u0161tina byla kdysi spole\u010dn\u00fdm jazykem Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu, ale dnes ji mluv\u00ed jen n\u011bkolik tis\u00edc lid\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161inou v izolovan\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n

Aramej\u0161tina na p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed Chicaga<\/h2>\n\n

Khan provedl rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd ter\u00e9nn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum na p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed Chicaga, kde se usadily tis\u00edce asyrsk\u00fdch p\u0159ist\u011bhovalc\u016f. Tito p\u0159ist\u011bhovalci p\u0159inesli sv\u00e9 aramejsk\u00e9 dialekty s sebou, co\u017e Khanovi poskytlo jedine\u010dnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost zdokumentovat tyto ohro\u017een\u00e9 varianty.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdzvy p\u0159i dokumentov\u00e1n\u00ed aramej\u0161tiny<\/h2>\n\n

Dokumentace aramej\u0161tiny nen\u00ed bez v\u00fdzev. Mnoho mluv\u010d\u00edch je star\u0161\u00edch a m\u00e1 omezen\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e zt\u011b\u017euje z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00fdch a \u00fapln\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f. Nav\u00edc m\u00e1 aramej\u0161tina p\u0159es 100 dialekt\u016f, ka\u017ed\u00fd se sv\u00fdmi jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi rysy a slovn\u00ed z\u00e1sobou.<\/p>\n\n

Svat\u00e1 apo\u0161tolsk\u00e1 katolick\u00e1 asyrsk\u00e1 c\u00edrkev v\u00fdchodu<\/h2>\n\n

Jedn\u00edm z m\u00e1la m\u00edst, kde se aramej\u0161tina st\u00e1le mluv\u00ed jako ka\u017edodenn\u00ed jazyk, je Svat\u00e1 apo\u0161tolsk\u00e1 katolick\u00e1 asyrsk\u00e1 c\u00edrkev v\u00fdchodu na p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed Chicaga. Tento kostel poskytuje \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b pro aramejsky mluv\u00edc\u00ed a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zachovat jazyk prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00fdch liturgi\u00ed a vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch program\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Posledn\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00ed aramej\u0161tiny<\/h2>\n\n

Khanovi inform\u00e1to\u0159i jsou \u010dasto posledn\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00ed sv\u00e9ho konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho aramejsk\u00e9ho dialektu. Zdokumentoval \u0159e\u010d star\u0161\u00edch \u017een ve v\u011bku 90 let, kter\u00e9 si zachovaly jedine\u010dnou v\u00fdslovnost a gramatick\u00e9 formy, kter\u00e9 u\u017e mlad\u0161\u00ed generace nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdznam kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Zachov\u00e1n\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00fdch jazyk\u016f nen\u00ed jen o z\u00e1chran\u011b slov a gramatiky. Jde tak\u00e9 o zachov\u00e1n\u00ed kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed komunit, kter\u00e9 jimi mluv\u00ed. Aramej\u0161tina je \u017eiv\u00fdm sv\u011bdectv\u00edm o bohat\u00e9 historii a rozmanitosti Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu a jej\u00ed ztr\u00e1ta by byla nem\u011b\u0159itelnou ztr\u00e1tou pro lidskou kulturu.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdzvy spojen\u00e9 se ztr\u00e1tou jazyka<\/h2>\n\n

Ztr\u00e1tu ohro\u017een\u00fdch jazyk\u016f zp\u016fsobuje cel\u00e1 \u0159ada faktor\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b globalizace, urbanizace a dominance hlavn\u00edch jazyk\u016f, jako je angli\u010dtina a mandar\u00edn\u0161tina. Jak se tyto jazyky \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed, men\u0161\u00ed jazyky jsou \u010dasto marginalizov\u00e1ny a nakonec zanikaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

\u00daloha imigrace v zachov\u00e1n\u00ed jazyka<\/h2>\n\n

Imigrace m\u016f\u017ee hr\u00e1t z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v zachov\u00e1n\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00fdch jazyk\u016f t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00ed t\u011bchto jazyk\u016f do nov\u00fdch komunit. Asyrsk\u00e1 komunita na p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed Chicaga je hlavn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem toho, jak m\u016f\u017ee imigrace pomoci udr\u017eet ohro\u017een\u00e9 jazyky na\u017eivu.<\/p>\n\n

Budoucnost aramej\u0161tiny<\/h2>\n\n

Budoucnost aramej\u0161tiny je nejist\u00e1, ale Khanova pr\u00e1ce pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zajistit, \u017ee tento starov\u011bk\u00fd jazyk bude i nad\u00e1le studov\u00e1n a oce\u0148ov\u00e1n budouc\u00edmi generacemi. Dokumentov\u00e1n\u00edm aramejsk\u00fdch dialekt\u016f a zachov\u00e1n\u00edm jejich jedine\u010dn\u00fdch rys\u016f hraje Khan z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v ochran\u011b jazykov\u00e9ho a kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jak zachr\u00e1nit um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed jazyk: Dokumentace aramej\u0161tiny s Geoffreym Khanem V\u00fdznam zachov\u00e1n\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00fdch jazyk\u016f Jazyky miz\u00ed alarmuj\u00edc\u00edm tempem, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee do konce stolet\u00ed zmiz\u00ed a\u017e 90 % ze 7…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":23825,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1192],"tags":[20470,89,6462,18173,18170],"class_list":["post-15364","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture","tag-aramaic","tag-cultural-heritage","tag-linguistics","tag-endangered-languages","tag-language-preservation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15364","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15364"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15364\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15365,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15364\/revisions\/15365"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23825"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15364"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15364"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15364"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}