{"id":15444,"date":"2024-05-30T10:04:55","date_gmt":"2024-05-30T10:04:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15444"},"modified":"2024-05-30T10:04:55","modified_gmt":"2024-05-30T10:04:55","slug":"the-great-tea-race-of-1866-a-race-against-time-and-the-elements","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/life-sciences\/the-great-tea-race-of-1866-a-race-against-time-and-the-elements\/","title":{"rendered":"Velk\u00e1 \u010dajov\u00e1 regata z roku 1866: Z\u00e1vod o nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klad \u010daje"},"content":{"rendered":"

Velk\u00e1 \u010dajov\u00e1 regata 1866<\/h2>\n\n

Z\u00e1vod<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 1866 se \u010dty\u0159i z nejrychlej\u0161\u00edch plachetnic sv\u011bta vydaly na vysoce rizikov\u00fd z\u00e1vod, aby jako prvn\u00ed doru\u010dily z \u010c\u00edny do Lond\u00fdna vz\u00e1cn\u00fd n\u00e1klad \u010daje. Z\u00e1vod zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Velk\u00e1 \u010dajov\u00e1 regata byl jednou z nejnap\u00ednav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed v historii \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho obchodu.<\/p>\n\n

Sout\u011b\u017eili lod\u011b Ariel, Taeping, Fiery Cross a Serica. Ariel pod velen\u00edm kapit\u00e1na Johna Keay m\u011bl na za\u010d\u00e1tku m\u00edrnou v\u00fdhodu, proto\u017ee zajistil prvn\u00ed n\u00e1klad \u010daje ve Foochow. Av\u0161ak Fiery Cross pod velen\u00edm zku\u0161en\u00e9ho Dicka Robinsona byla osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdm v\u00edt\u011bzem, kdy\u017e z\u00edskala prvn\u00ed m\u00edsto v \u010dajov\u00fdch z\u00e1vodech v letech 1861, 1862, 1863 a 1865.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1vod za\u010dal 28. kv\u011btna 1866, kdy\u017e Ariel vyplul z Foochow. Ostatn\u00ed lod\u011b n\u00e1sledovaly brzy pot\u00e9. Plachetnice pluly na v\u00fdchod, aby obepluly severn\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Formosy, a pot\u00e9 zam\u00ed\u0159ily na jih. Po cest\u011b narazily na r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy, v\u010detn\u011b tajfun\u016f, bou\u0159\u00ed a bezv\u011bt\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Lod\u011b<\/h2>\n\n

Plachetnice typu clipper, kter\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017eily ve Velk\u00e9 \u010dajov\u00e9 regat\u011b, byly z\u00e1zraky n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed architektury. Byly navr\u017eeny pro rychlost a efektivitu, s elegantn\u00edmi trupy, vysok\u00fdmi st\u011b\u017eni a velkou plochou plachet.<\/p>\n\n

Ariel byla zbrusu nov\u00e1 lo\u010f, postaven\u00e1 ve Skotsku v roce 1866. Byla dlouh\u00e1 225 stop a m\u011bla v\u00fdtlak 1 074 tun. Byla vyzbrojena 32 d\u011bly a vezla pos\u00e1dku 80 mu\u017e\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Taeping byla kompozitn\u00ed lo\u010f, postaven\u00e1 v roce 1863. Byla o n\u011bco men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Ariel, dlouh\u00e1 212 stop a s v\u00fdtlakem 963 tun. Byla vyzbrojena 28 d\u011bly a vezla pos\u00e1dku 70 mu\u017e\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Fiery Cross byla kompozitn\u00ed lo\u010f, postaven\u00e1 v roce 1860. Byla nejmen\u0161\u00ed ze \u010dty\u0159 sout\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edch, dlouh\u00e1 190 stop a s v\u00fdtlakem 850 tun. Byla vyzbrojena 24 d\u011bly a vezla pos\u00e1dku 60 mu\u017e\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Serica byla d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e1 lo\u010f, postaven\u00e1 v roce 1864. Byla nejleh\u010d\u00ed ze v\u0161ech \u010dty\u0159 lod\u00ed, s v\u00fdtlakem 925 tun. Byla vyzbrojena 20 d\u011bly a vezla pos\u00e1dku 55 mu\u017e\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Kapit\u00e1ni<\/h2>\n\n

Kapit\u00e1ni plachetnic, kter\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017eily ve Velk\u00e9 \u010dajov\u00e9 regat\u011b, pat\u0159ili mezi nejzku\u0161en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejzku\u0161en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky sv\u00e9 doby.<\/p>\n\n

John Keay byl britsk\u00fd kapit\u00e1n, kter\u00fd m\u011bl pov\u011bst odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9ho a agresivn\u00edho n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edka. Byl odhodl\u00e1n vyhr\u00e1t \u010cajovou regatu a hnal svou pos\u00e1dku na hranice mo\u017enost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Dick Robinson byl skotsk\u00fd kapit\u00e1n, kter\u00fd byl zn\u00e1m\u00fd svou chladnou hlavou a pevnou rukou. Byl mistrovsk\u00fdm taktikem a v\u011bd\u011bl, jak ze sv\u00e9 lod\u011b a pos\u00e1dky dostat maximum.<\/p>\n\n

Donald MacKinnon byl skotsk\u00fd kapit\u00e1n, kter\u00fd velel Taepingu. Byl to zru\u010dn\u00fd navig\u00e1tor a znal \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e jako sv\u00e9 boty.<\/p>\n\n

George Innes byl britsk\u00fd kapit\u00e1n, kter\u00fd velel Serice. Byl p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm disciplin\u00e1\u0159em a od sv\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky vy\u017eadoval maximum.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1vod<\/h2>\n\n

Velk\u00e1 \u010dajov\u00e1 regata byla od za\u010d\u00e1tku do konce t\u011bsn\u00fd a nap\u00ednav\u00fd z\u00e1vod. \u010cty\u0159i lod\u011b pluly po v\u011bt\u0161inu cesty bok po boku, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 z nich se v r\u016fzn\u00fdch bodech ujala veden\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Fiery Cross dob\u0159e vyu\u017eila 14hodinov\u00fd n\u00e1skok, kter\u00fd na za\u010d\u00e1tku z\u00edskala p\u0159ed Arielem, a dos\u00e1hla Anjeru, p\u0159i v\u00fdjezdu z \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e, pouh\u00fdch 20 dn\u00ed po vyplut\u00ed z Foochow. Taeping a Ariel zaostaly o dva dny a Serica proplula m\u011bstem a\u017e o den pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n\n

Po\u010das\u00ed v Indick\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu a kolem Mysu Dobr\u00e9 nad\u011bje v\u0161ak v\u011bci trochu vyrovnalo; v\u0161echny \u010dty\u0159i lod\u011b dos\u00e1hly dobr\u00e9ho \u010dasu, Ariel zaznamenal jednodenn\u00ed j\u00edzdu o d\u00e9lce 317 mil a Fiery Cross 328 mil. V dob\u011b, kdy se na obzoru objevil ostrov Svat\u00e9 Heleny, m\u011bl MacKinnon\u016fv Taeping nepatrn\u00fd n\u00e1skok 24 hodin p\u0159ed Fiery Cross, n\u00e1sledov\u00e1n Arielem a Sericou o den pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n\n

Jak se lod\u011b bl\u00ed\u017eily k Laman\u0161sk\u00e9mu pr\u016flivu, v\u00edtr z\u016fstal p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd a v\u00e1l z jihov\u00fdchodu. Plachetnice se se\u0159adily do \u0159ady, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Ariel a Taeping se postupn\u011b vzdaluj\u00ed od Fiery Cross a Serica.<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1866 dorazily Ariel a Taeping do Laman\u0161sk\u00e9ho pr\u016flivu a zahl\u00e9dly se. Z\u00e1vodily pr\u016flivem bok po boku, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ob\u011b lod\u011b po v\u011bt\u0161inu dne zaznamen\u00e1valy rychlost 14 uzl\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    V osm hodin r\u00e1no 6. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed byl na b\u0159ehu spat\u0159en Ariel, jak signalizuje sv\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, a neub\u011bhlo ani deset minut, kdy se objevil Taeping, aby si n\u00e1rokoval druh\u00e9 m\u00edsto. Serica byla m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e dv\u011b hodiny za n\u00edm, zat\u00edmco Fiery Cross m\u011bla sm\u016flu a pokorn\u011bn\u00ed 36 hodin zp\u011bt.<\/p>\n\n

    N\u00e1sledky<\/h2>\n\n

    Velk\u00e1 \u010dajov\u00e1 regata z roku 1866 byla velkou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed v historii \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho obchodu. Byla d\u016fkazem dovednost\u00ed a odvahy n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se j\u00ed z\u00fa\u010dastnili, a kr\u00e1sy a s\u00edly plachetnic, na kter\u00fdch pluli.<\/p>\n\n

    Z\u00e1vod m\u011bl tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na rozvoj obchodu s \u010dajem. P\u0159\u00edjezd prvn\u00edch \u010dajov\u00fdch lod\u00ed do Lond\u00fdna v ka\u017ed\u00e9 sez\u00f3n\u011b ur\u010doval cenu \u010daje pro zbytek roku. Velk\u00e1 \u010dajov\u00e1 regata pomohla zajistit, aby prvn\u00ed lod\u011b, kter\u00e9 dorazily do Lond\u00fdna, byly nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed a nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e prosp\u011blo jak obchodn\u00edk\u016fm s \u010dajem, tak spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n

    Velk\u00e1 \u010dajov\u00e1 regata z roku 1866 je dodnes p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1na jako jedna z nejnap\u00ednav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed v historii plavby. Je to p\u0159ipom\u00ednka doby, kdy plachetnice ovl\u00e1daly mo\u0159e a state\u010dn\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed na nich pluli.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Velk\u00e1 \u010dajov\u00e1 regata 1866 Z\u00e1vod V roce 1866 se \u010dty\u0159i z nejrychlej\u0161\u00edch plachetnic sv\u011bta vydaly na vysoce rizikov\u00fd z\u00e1vod, aby jako prvn\u00ed doru\u010dily z \u010c\u00edny do Lond\u00fdna vz\u00e1cn\u00fd n\u00e1klad \u010daje.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23554,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[762],"tags":[20575,20576,4933],"class_list":["post-15444","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-life-sciences","tag-tea-race","tag-clipper-ships","tag-maritime-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15444","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15444"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15444\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15445,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15444\/revisions\/15445"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23554"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15444"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15444"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15444"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}