Madagaskar je hotspot biodiverzity, domov pro \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu jedine\u010dn\u00fdch tvor\u016f, kter\u00e9 se nevyskytuj\u00ed nikde jinde na Zemi. Tato biodiverzita je z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti zp\u016fsobena dlouhou izolac\u00ed ostrova, kter\u00e1 umo\u017enila jeho fl\u00f3\u0159e a faun\u011b vyvinout se do odli\u0161n\u00fdch forem.<\/p>\n\n
Navzdory sv\u00e9 bohat\u00e9 biodiverzit\u011b m\u00e1 madagaskarsk\u00fd fosiln\u00ed z\u00e1znam v\u00fdznamnou mezeru mezi koncem v\u011bku dinosaur\u016f, asi p\u0159ed 66 miliony let, a pozdn\u00edm pleistoc\u00e9nem, asi p\u0159ed 26 000 lety. Tato mezera vedla v\u011bdce k zamy\u0161len\u00ed, jak vznikla sou\u010dasn\u00e1 biodiverzita Madagaskaru.<\/p>\n\n
Paleontolo\u017eka Karen Samonds z Northern Illinois University v\u011bnovala sv\u016fj v\u00fdzkum vypln\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9to mezery ve fosiln\u00edm z\u00e1znamu. Pr\u00e1ce jej\u00edho t\u00fdmu odhalila drobn\u00e9 zkamen\u011bliny, kter\u00e9 vrhaj\u00ed sv\u011btlo na ztracen\u00fd evolu\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Madagaskaru.<\/p>\n\n
Jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch objev\u016f Samonds je Vintana, ran\u00fd savec, kter\u00fd \u017eil asi p\u0159ed 70 a\u017e 66 miliony let. Objev Vintany nazna\u010duje, \u017ee savci byli na Madagaskaru p\u0159\u00edtomni ji\u017e p\u0159ed vyhynut\u00edm dinosaur\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
V roce 2009 Samonds a jej\u00ed t\u00fdm ozn\u00e1mili objev Eotheroides lambondrano, 40 milion\u016f let star\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 kr\u00e1vy. Tento objev byl prvn\u00edm dob\u0159e zachovan\u00fdm fosiln\u00edm savcem nalezen\u00fdm v meze\u0159e mezi vl\u00e1dou dinosaur\u016f a pozdn\u00edm pleistoc\u00e9nem.<\/p>\n\n
T\u00fdm Samonds prov\u00e1d\u011bl rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd ter\u00e9nn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum na fosiln\u00edm nalezi\u0161ti Nosy Makamby na Madagaskaru. Toto nalezi\u0161t\u011b poskytlo celou \u0159adu zkamen\u011blin, v\u010detn\u011b mo\u0159sk\u00fdch krav, rejnok\u016f, \u017eralok\u016f, krokod\u00fdl\u016f a \u017eelv.<\/p>\n\n
Krom\u011b mo\u0159sk\u00fdch zkamen\u011blin t\u00fdm tak\u00e9 na\u0161el na Nosy Makamby drobn\u00e9 fos\u00edlie suchozemsk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at. Tyto zkamen\u011bliny zahrnuj\u00ed zuby a kosti netop\u00fdr\u016f a hlodavc\u016f, co\u017e dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost t\u011bchto zv\u00ed\u0159at na Madagaskaru b\u011bhem mioc\u00e9nu.<\/p>\n\n
Objev Eotheroides zm\u011bnil na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed evoluce mo\u0159sk\u00fdch krav. D\u0159\u00edve v\u011bdci v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee mo\u0159sk\u00e9 kr\u00e1vy se vyvinuly na severn\u00ed polokouli a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily se na jih. Objev Eotheroides na Madagaskaru v\u0161ak nazna\u010duje, \u017ee mo\u0159sk\u00e9 kr\u00e1vy se mohly vyvinout na ji\u017en\u00ed polokouli.<\/p>\n\n
Ka\u017ed\u00fd nov\u00fd objev fos\u00edli\u00ed z Madagaskaru pom\u00e1h\u00e1 vyplnit mezery v na\u0161ich znalostech o biodiverzit\u011b ostrova. Tyto objevy nejen vrhaj\u00ed sv\u011btlo na p\u016fvod sou\u010dasn\u00e9 fl\u00f3ry a fauny Madagaskaru, ale tak\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed vod\u00edtka o zanikl\u00fdch sv\u011btech, kter\u00e9 kdysi na ostrov\u011b existovaly.<\/p>\n\n
Samonds a jej\u00ed t\u00fdm jsou optimisti\u010dt\u00ed, \u017ee budou i nad\u00e1le objevovat v\u00edce z fosiln\u00edho z\u00e1znamu Madagaskaru. S ka\u017edou novou expedic\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed zp\u011bt v\u00edce zkamen\u011blin a potenci\u00e1l p\u0159idat dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti do p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu o tom, jak se \u017eivot na Madagaskaru stal tak rozmanit\u00fdm a jedine\u010dn\u00fdm.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Drobn\u00e9 zkamen\u011bliny odhaluj\u00ed vzestup savc\u016f na Madagaskaru Jedine\u010dn\u00e1 biodiverzita Madagaskaru Madagaskar je hotspot biodiverzity, domov pro \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu jedine\u010dn\u00fdch tvor\u016f, kter\u00e9 se nevyskytuj\u00ed nikde jinde na Zemi. Tato biodiverzita je…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24572,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[244],"tags":[395,136,239,5388,137,7077],"class_list":["post-15478","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-natural-history","tag-biodiversity","tag-evolution","tag-fossils","tag-madagascar","tag-paleontology","tag-mammals"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15478","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15478"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15478\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24573,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15478\/revisions\/24573"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24572"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15478"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15478"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15478"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}