{"id":15484,"date":"2019-11-13T01:08:42","date_gmt":"2019-11-13T01:08:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15484"},"modified":"2019-11-13T01:08:42","modified_gmt":"2019-11-13T01:08:42","slug":"permafrost-melting-climate-change-consequences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/climate-science\/permafrost-melting-climate-change-consequences\/","title":{"rendered":"Permafrost: Zmrzl\u00fd z\u00e1klad v ohro\u017een\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Permafrost: Zmrzl\u00fd z\u00e1klad v ohro\u017een\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je permafrost<\/h2>\n\n<p>Permafrost, vrstva trvale zmrzl\u00e9 p\u016fdy, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed pod rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi oblastmi Arktidy, subarktidy a dokonce i izolovan\u00fdch kaps\u00e1ch v horsk\u00fdch oblastech po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Podporuje jedine\u010dn\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my, v\u010detn\u011b les\u016f, tundry a mok\u0159ad\u016f. Permafrost tak\u00e9 hraje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v glob\u00e1ln\u00edm uhl\u00edkov\u00e9m cyklu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00e1n\u00ed permafrostu: Zn\u00e1mka zm\u011bny klimatu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Rostouc\u00ed teploty vzduchu zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 zm\u011bnou klimatu vedou k t\u00e1n\u00ed permafrostu. Toto t\u00e1n\u00ed je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b patrn\u00e9 na Alja\u0161ce, kde v\u011bdci zaznamenali v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 oteplen\u00ed aktivn\u00ed vrstvy, sez\u00f3nn\u011b rozmrazen\u00e9 horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti permafrostu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u016fsledky t\u00e1n\u00ed permafrostu<\/h2>\n\n<p>T\u00e1n\u00ed permafrostu m\u00e1 dalekos\u00e1hl\u00e9 d\u016fsledky jak pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, tak pro lidskou infrastrukturu.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>P\u0159em\u011bna krajiny:<\/strong> T\u00e1n\u00ed permafrostu m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke vzniku termokarstu, krajiny charakterizovan\u00e9 j\u00e1mami, jez\u00edrky a pokleslou p\u016fdou. Tato p\u0159em\u011bna naru\u0161uje ekosyst\u00e9my a m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit silnice a budovy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00edku:<\/strong> Permafrost obsahuje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed organick\u00e9 hmoty, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159i t\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy uvol\u0148uje jako CO2 a metan. Toto uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed zhor\u0161uje zm\u011bnu klimatu a p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9mu oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Po\u0161kozen\u00ed infrastruktury:<\/strong> T\u00e1n\u00ed permafrostu m\u016f\u017ee destabilizovat p\u016fdu, co\u017e zp\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee se budovy, silnice a dal\u0161\u00ed infrastruktura propadnou nebo zhrout\u00ed. Tyto \u0161kody mohou b\u00fdt n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 na opravu a mohou naru\u0161it komunity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Permafrost v nespojit\u00fdch oblastech<\/h2>\n\n<p>V oblastech s nespojit\u00fdm permafrost, kde je p\u016fda pouze \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zmrzl\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee t\u00e1n\u00ed permafrostu v\u00e9st ke kolapsu les\u016f a vzniku mok\u0159ad\u016f. I kdy\u017e mohou mok\u0159ady tak\u00e9 zachycovat uhl\u00edk, celkov\u00fd dopad na uhl\u00edkovou bilanci je nejist\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Role ra\u0161eliny a mechu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ra\u0161elina a mech hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v izolaci permafrostu od slune\u010dn\u00edho tepla. Pokud jsou v\u0161ak tyto izola\u010dn\u00ed vrstvy naru\u0161eny nebo odstran\u011bny, st\u00e1v\u00e1 se p\u016fda zraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di t\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dopady na severn\u00ed lesy<\/h2>\n\n<p>Jak permafrost taje, m\u016f\u017ee se hranice lesa posouvat na sever, co\u017e povede k roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed les\u016f. Roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed les\u016f v\u0161ak nemus\u00ed pln\u011b kompenzovat uhl\u00edk uvol\u0148ovan\u00fd z t\u00e1n\u00ed permafrostu. Krom\u011b toho zm\u011bna klimatu zvy\u0161uje \u010detnost a z\u00e1va\u017enost lesn\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f na severu, co\u017e d\u00e1le uvol\u0148uje CO2 do atmosf\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u016fsledky pro budoucnost<\/h2>\n\n<p>T\u00e1n\u00ed permafrostu je znepokojiv\u00fd trend s v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, klima a lidskou spole\u010dnost. Pro p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed se m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edmu klimatu je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pochopit zapojen\u00e9 procesy a vyvinout strategie ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed dopad\u016f t\u00e1n\u00ed permafrostu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 slova s dlouh\u00fdm \u0445\u0432\u043estem:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Degradace permafrostu v \u010c\u00edn\u011b<\/li>\n<li>Dynamika uhl\u00edku v severn\u00edch les\u00edch<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed se zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu v oblastech permafrostu<\/li>\n<li>Permafrost jako klimatick\u00fd indik\u00e1tor<\/li>\n<li>Termokarst a odolnost ekosyst\u00e9mu<\/li>\n<li>Emise metanu z t\u00e1n\u00ed permafrostu<\/li>\n<li>Udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj v oblastech permafrostu<\/li>\n<li>Syst\u00e9my v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed t\u00e1n\u00edm permafrostu<\/li>\n<li>Obnova ra\u0161elini\u0161\u0165 pro ochranu permafrostu<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Permafrost: Zmrzl\u00fd z\u00e1klad v ohro\u017een\u00ed Co je permafrost Permafrost, vrstva trvale zmrzl\u00e9 p\u016fdy, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed pod rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi oblastmi Arktidy, subarktidy a dokonce i izolovan\u00fdch kaps\u00e1ch v horsk\u00fdch oblastech po cel\u00e9m&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[284],"tags":[1354,219,4739,283,34],"class_list":["post-15484","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-science","tag-arctic","tag-ecology","tag-permafrost","tag-environment","tag-climate-change"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15484","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15484"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15484\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15485,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15484\/revisions\/15485"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15484"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}