Ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka, z\u00e1sadn\u00ed konflikt v americk\u00e9 historii, vypukla roku 1861. A\u010dkoli otroctv\u00ed nepochybn\u011b poslou\u017eilo jako prim\u00e1rn\u00ed katalyz\u00e1tor, k jeho propuknut\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011bla \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch faktor\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Agr\u00e1rn\u00ed Jih, siln\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00fd na otrock\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci, se sna\u017eil zachovat sv\u016fj ok\u00e1zal\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl. Sever naopak p\u0159ijal industrializaci a modernizaci, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vytvo\u0159il v\u00fdraznou ekonomickou propast. Tato nerovnost \u017eivila nap\u011bt\u00ed a pos\u00edlila touhu po odtr\u017een\u00ed mezi ji\u017eansk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n\n
Krom\u011b ekonomick\u00fdch faktor\u016f d\u00e1le prohlubovaly propast soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a kulturn\u00ed rozd\u00edly. Ji\u017ean\u00e9 obhajovali otroctv\u00ed jako nezbytnou instituci, zat\u00edmco seve\u0159an\u00e9 je odsuzovali jako nemor\u00e1ln\u00ed. Nav\u00edc rostouc\u00ed abolicionistick\u00e9 hnut\u00ed na Severu vyvol\u00e1valo na Jihu obavy, \u017ee jejich zp\u016fsob \u017eivota je ohro\u017een.<\/p>\n\n
Politick\u00e1 patov\u00e1 situace v Kongresu zabr\u00e1nila \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bchto probl\u00e9m\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kompromisu. Volba Abrahama Lincolna v roce 1860, zap\u0159is\u00e1hl\u00e9ho abolicionisty, byla bodem zvratu, kter\u00fd vedl k odtr\u017een\u00ed ji\u017eansk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Otroctv\u00ed hr\u00e1lo \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed roli v propuknut\u00ed v\u00e1lky. Jeho zru\u0161en\u00ed bylo dlouhodob\u00fdm c\u00edlem severn\u00edch abolicionist\u016f a zast\u00e1nc\u016f svobodn\u00e9 p\u016fdy. Ji\u017eansk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty v\u0161ak kladly urputn\u00fd odpor jak\u00fdmkoli pokus\u016fm omezit tuto instituci a pova\u017eovaly ji za nezbytnou pro svou ekonomiku a spole\u010densk\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d.<\/p>\n\n
Abolicionistick\u00e9 hnut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1valo na s\u00edle na Severu, hr\u00e1lo kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed proti otroctv\u00ed. Vlivn\u00e9 osobnosti jako Frederick Douglass a Harriet Beecher Stoweov\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edvaly silnou r\u00e9toriku a \u017eiv\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy k odhalen\u00ed hr\u016fz t\u00e9to instituce.<\/p>\n\n
Z\u00e1kon o uprchl\u00fdch otroc\u00edch z roku 1850, kter\u00fd vy\u017eadoval, aby seve\u0159an\u00e9 pom\u00e1hali p\u0159i chyt\u00e1n\u00ed a navracen\u00ed uprchl\u00fdch otrok\u016f, d\u00e1le rozdm\u00fdch\u00e1val nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi ob\u011bma regiony. Stal se symbolem ji\u017eansk\u00e9ho odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed udr\u017eet sv\u016fj otrok\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd syst\u00e9m za ka\u017edou cenu.<\/p>\n\n
Neslavn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu v p\u0159\u00edpadu Dred Scott versus Sandford z roku 1857 stanovilo, \u017ee otroci nejsou ob\u010dan\u00e9 a nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed postaven\u00ed u soudu. Toto rozhodnut\u00ed d\u00e1le prohloubilo propast mezi Severem a Jihem, proto\u017ee seve\u0159an\u00e9 je odsuzovali jako zjevn\u00e9 pop\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n
Volba Abrahama Lincolna v roce 1860, zap\u0159is\u00e1hl\u00e9ho abolicionisty, byla posledn\u00ed \u043a\u0430\u043f\u043a\u043e\u0439 pro mnoho ji\u017eansk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Lincolnovo v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed znamenalo konec jejich nad\u011bj\u00ed na udr\u017een\u00ed otroctv\u00ed a zachov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich zp\u016fsobu \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n
V d\u016fsledku Lincolnova zvolen\u00ed se ji\u017eansk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty za\u010daly odtrh\u00e1vat od Unie. V \u00fanoru 1861 vytvo\u0159ilo sedm st\u00e1t\u016f Konfederovan\u00e9 st\u00e1ty americk\u00e9. \u00datok na Fort Sumter v dubnu 1861 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka: Slo\u017eit\u00e1 mozaika p\u0159\u00ed\u010din Historick\u00fd kontext Ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka, z\u00e1sadn\u00ed konflikt v americk\u00e9 historii, vypukla roku 1861. A\u010dkoli otroctv\u00ed nepochybn\u011b poslou\u017eilo jako prim\u00e1rn\u00ed katalyz\u00e1tor, k jeho propuknut\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011bla \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23720,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1001,27,765,1565,1531,2098],"class_list":["post-15498","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-civil-war","tag-history","tag-slavery","tag-reconstruction","tag-united-states","tag-society"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15498","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15498"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15498\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15499,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15498\/revisions\/15499"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23720"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15498"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15498"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15498"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}