{"id":15506,"date":"2021-02-02T08:03:50","date_gmt":"2021-02-02T08:03:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15506"},"modified":"2021-02-02T08:03:50","modified_gmt":"2021-02-02T08:03:50","slug":"charles-babbage-grandfather-of-computing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/computer-science-and-technology\/charles-babbage-grandfather-of-computing\/","title":{"rendered":"Charles Babbage: D\u011bd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Charles Babbage: Otec po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Vizion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd matematik<\/h2>\n\n

Charles Babbage, narozen v roce 1791, byl geni\u00e1ln\u00ed matematik a vyn\u00e1lezce, kter\u00fd je v\u0161eobecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u201eotce po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f\u201c. Frustrovan\u00fd chybami v ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch numerick\u00fdch tabulk\u00e1ch si p\u0159edstavoval v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed stroj, kter\u00fd by mohl prov\u00e1d\u011bt matematick\u00e9 funkce automaticky.<\/p>\n\n

Diferen\u010dn\u00ed stroj<\/h2>\n\n

Babbage\u016fv p\u016fvodn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh jeho v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edho stroje, naz\u00fdvan\u00e9ho Diferen\u010dn\u00ed stroj, byl ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed. Vy\u017eadoval by 25 000 d\u00edl\u016f a v\u00e1\u017eil by 15 tun. Navzdory v\u00fdzv\u00e1m Babbage zajistil financov\u00e1n\u00ed od britsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy a pov\u011b\u0159il in\u017een\u00fdra Josepha Clementa, aby stroj postavil.<\/p>\n\n

Projekt v\u0161ak narazil na pot\u00ed\u017ee a Babbage a Clement m\u011bli nesmi\u0159iteln\u00fd spor, kter\u00fd projekt zastavil. Babbage byl schopen dokon\u010dit pouze mal\u00fd demonstra\u010dn\u00ed model, kter\u00fd zap\u016fsobil na hosty jeho spole\u010densk\u00fdch setk\u00e1n\u00ed. Tento \u201ekr\u00e1sn\u00fd fragment\u201c je nyn\u00ed jedn\u00edm z nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch artefakt\u016f v Lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9m v\u011bdeck\u00e9m muzeu.<\/p>\n\n

Analytick\u00fd stroj<\/h2>\n\n

Pot\u00e9, co ztratil finan\u010dn\u00ed podporu pro Diferen\u010dn\u00ed stroj, obr\u00e1til Babbage svou pozornost k je\u0161t\u011b ambici\u00f3zn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: Analytick\u00e9mu stroji. Tento stroj obsahoval mnoho z princip\u016f, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v modern\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch, jako jsou programovateln\u00e9 d\u011brn\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edtky a iterace.<\/p>\n\n

Babbage\u016fv analytick\u00fd stroj nebyl b\u011bhem jeho \u017eivota nikdy postaven, ale polo\u017eil z\u00e1klady pro v\u00fdvoj po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f. Dnes je Babbage pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u201eotce po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f\u201c p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci na Analytick\u00e9m stroji.<\/p>\n\n

D\u011bdictv\u00ed Charlese Babbage<\/h2>\n\n

Babbageovo d\u011bdictv\u00ed se t\u00e1hne d\u00e1le ne\u017e jeho konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed vyn\u00e1lezy. Byl vizion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm myslitelem, kter\u00fd p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bl budoucnost v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed techniky. Jeho my\u0161lenky a principy m\u011bly hlubok\u00fd dopad na v\u00fdvoj modern\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Diferen\u010dn\u00ed stroj \u010d. 2<\/h2>\n\n

Na konci 20. stolet\u00ed se nad\u0161enci po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f rozhodli postavit funk\u010dn\u00ed repliku Diferen\u010dn\u00edho stroje \u010d. 2, zalo\u017eenou na Babbageov\u00fdch p\u016fvodn\u00edch n\u00e1vrz\u00edch. Doron Swade, kur\u00e1tor v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed techniky v lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9m v\u011bdeck\u00e9m muzeu, vedl projekt, kter\u00fd trval 17 let.<\/p>\n\n

Diferen\u010dn\u00ed stroj \u010d. 2 je pln\u011b funk\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed stroj, kter\u00fd demonstruje d\u016fmyslnost Charlese Babbage. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je vystaven v Muzeu historie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f v kalifornsk\u00e9m Mountain View.<\/p>\n\n

Vliv Diferen\u010dn\u00edho stroje<\/h2>\n\n

Diferen\u010dn\u00ed stroj \u010d. 2 poskytl cenn\u00e9 poznatky o historii a dopadu v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed techniky. Uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee Babbageovy my\u0161lenky byly spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 a \u017ee jeho stroj mohl skute\u010dn\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bt slo\u017eit\u00e9 matematick\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty.<\/p>\n\n

Diferen\u010dn\u00ed stroj tak\u00e9 inspiroval nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj v oblasti po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch v\u011bd. Pomohl p\u0159eklenout propast mezi histori\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed techniky a modern\u00ed technologi\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n

Charles Babbage byl vizion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd pr\u016fkopn\u00edk, kter\u00fd polo\u017eil z\u00e1klady pro v\u00fdvoj modern\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f. Jeho Diferen\u010dn\u00ed stroj a Analytick\u00fd stroj byly pr\u016fkopnick\u00e9 vyn\u00e1lezy, kter\u00e9 prok\u00e1zaly potenci\u00e1l stroj\u016f prov\u00e1d\u011bt slo\u017eit\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty. Babbageovo d\u011bdictv\u00ed i dnes inspiruje a informuje oblast po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch v\u011bd.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Charles Babbage: Otec po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f Vizion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd matematik Charles Babbage, narozen v roce 1791, byl geni\u00e1ln\u00ed matematik a vyn\u00e1lezce, kter\u00fd je v\u0161eobecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u201eotce po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f\u201c. Frustrovan\u00fd chybami v ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch numerick\u00fdch tabulk\u00e1ch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20667],"tags":[20666,20663,20665,20664,6385],"class_list":["post-15506","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-computer-science-and-technology","tag-analytical-engine","tag-charles-babbage","tag-difference-engine","tag-history-of-computing","tag-computer-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15506","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15506"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15506\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15507,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15506\/revisions\/15507"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15506"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15506"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15506"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}