{"id":15525,"date":"2020-03-23T03:42:17","date_gmt":"2020-03-23T03:42:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15525"},"modified":"2020-03-23T03:42:17","modified_gmt":"2020-03-23T03:42:17","slug":"nasa-quest-for-a-better-martian-parachute","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/space-exploration\/nasa-quest-for-a-better-martian-parachute\/","title":{"rendered":"NASA hled\u00e1 lep\u0161\u00ed pad\u00e1k pro Mars"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed NASA po marsovsk\u00e9m pad\u00e1ku<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdzva p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed na Marsu<\/h2>\n\n

Ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed c\u00edl NASA vyslat na Mars t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 lod\u011b \u010del\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdzv\u011b: jak je zpomalit a bezpe\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ist\u00e1t v \u0159\u00eddk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e planety. P\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed Supreme Council of Parachute Experts (SCOPE), t\u00fdm 60 v\u011bdc\u016f a in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f odhodlan\u00fdch navrhnout lep\u0161\u00ed pad\u00e1k.<\/p>\n\n

Historie selh\u00e1n\u00ed pad\u00e1k\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Prvn\u00ed pokus NASA o supersonick\u00e9 otev\u0159en\u00ed pad\u00e1ku pro Mars, Low Density Supersonic Decelerator (LDSD), skon\u010dil ne\u00fasp\u011bchem. 100stop\u00fd testovac\u00ed pad\u00e1k se p\u0159evr\u00e1til, cukal a roztrhl p\u0159ed o\u010dima v\u011bdc\u016f. Anal\u00fdza z\u00e1b\u011br\u016f odhalila probl\u00e9my s rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00edm, kter\u00e9 po desetilet\u00ed tr\u00e1pily nadzvukov\u00e9 pad\u00e1ky.<\/p>\n\n

Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rada expert\u016f na pad\u00e1ky<\/h2>\n\n

Navzdory ne\u00fasp\u011bch\u016fm NASA shrom\u00e1\u017edila t\u00fdm SCOPE, aby se s probl\u00e9mem vypo\u0159\u00e1dala. T\u00fdm analyzoval data, vym\u00fd\u0161lel \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a sledoval star\u00e9 z\u00e1b\u011bry z test\u016f pad\u00e1k\u016f, aby identifikoval z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny selh\u00e1n\u00ed. Do\u0161li k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee prvn\u00ed test LDSD trp\u011bl sv\u00e9voln\u00fdm designem a \u0161patn\u00fdmi technikami nasazen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Nov\u00e9 designov\u00e9 strategie<\/h2>\n\n

SCOPE navrhl radik\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny v konstrukci pad\u00e1ku a sekvenci nasazen\u00ed. Jejich c\u00edlem bylo, aby se dal\u0161\u00ed nasazen\u00ed co nejv\u00edce li\u0161ilo od ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 mise z roku 2014. Krom\u011b toho up\u0159ednostnili pevnost a odolnost, aby odolal vysok\u00fdm rychlostem a sil\u00e1m p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edm ve vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n\n

Testov\u00e1n\u00ed raketov\u00fdch san\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Aby NASA simulovala extr\u00e9mn\u00ed podm\u00ednky ve vesm\u00edru, pou\u017eila k testov\u00e1n\u00ed a zdokonalen\u00ed nov\u00e9ho n\u00e1vrhu pad\u00e1ku raketov\u00e9 san\u011b. Tyto san\u011b poh\u00e1n\u011bly pad\u00e1ky rychlostmi odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edmi t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 se vyskytuj\u00ed p\u0159i nadzvukov\u00e9 deceleraci. Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z t\u011bchto test\u016f poskytla cenn\u00e9 poznatky pro dal\u0161\u00ed vylep\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed test LDSD<\/h2>\n\n
    \n
  1. \u010dervna NASA zah\u00e1j\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed test LDSD s nov\u011b navr\u017een\u00fdm pad\u00e1kem. T\u00fdm je opatrn\u011b optimistick\u00fd, ale v\u00ed, \u017ee \u00fasp\u011bch t\u00e9to mise je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro budouc\u00ed pr\u016fzkum Marsu. Pokud pad\u00e1k bude fungovat podle o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, otev\u0159e cestu k p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edch kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed na rud\u00e9 planet\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Spolupr\u00e1ce a inovace<\/h2>\n\n

    V\u00fdvoj lep\u0161\u00edho pad\u00e1ku pro Mars je d\u016fkazem s\u00edly spolupr\u00e1ce a inovac\u00ed. SCOPE sdru\u017eil odborn\u00edky z r\u016fzn\u00fdch obor\u016f a podpo\u0159il kreativn\u00ed a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f. Jejich pr\u00e1ce zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam u\u010den\u00ed se z chyb, p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch n\u00e1pad\u016f a posouv\u00e1n\u00ed hranic in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

    \u00dasil\u00ed o lep\u0161\u00ed pad\u00e1k<\/h2>\n\n

    \u00dasil\u00ed NASA o lep\u0161\u00ed pad\u00e1k je nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd proces. Agentura neust\u00e1le zdokonaluje design, prov\u00e1d\u00ed testy a analyzuje data. Kone\u010dn\u00fdm c\u00edlem je vytvo\u0159it pad\u00e1kov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee spolehliv\u011b a bezpe\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ist\u00e1vat kosmick\u00e9 lod\u011b na Marsu, co\u017e umo\u017en\u00ed budouc\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 mise a lidsk\u00fd pr\u016fzkum.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    P\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed NASA po marsovsk\u00e9m pad\u00e1ku V\u00fdzva p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed na Marsu Ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed c\u00edl NASA vyslat na Mars t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 lod\u011b \u010del\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdzv\u011b: jak je zpomalit a bezpe\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ist\u00e1t v \u0159\u00eddk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[494],"tags":[20697,20693,20694,473,2419,20695,20696],"class_list":["post-15525","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-space-exploration","tag-engineering-innovation","tag-parachute-design","tag-supersonic-deceleration","tag-nasa","tag-mars-exploration","tag-rocket-sled-testing","tag-scientific-collaboration"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15525","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15525"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15525\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15526,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15525\/revisions\/15526"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15525"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15525"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15525"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}