V roce 440 p\u0159. n. l. popsal Herodot, starov\u011bck\u00fd \u0159eck\u00fd historik, ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed konop\u00ed Skythy, ko\u010dovn\u00fdm eurasijsk\u00fdm kmenem. Herodotovy spisy poskytly nejstar\u0161\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00fd d\u016fkaz o konop\u00ed jako o zm\u011bn\u011b stavu v\u011bdom\u00ed. V\u011bdci v\u0161ak dlouho postr\u00e1dali hmotn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy, kter\u00e9 by jeho tvrzen\u00ed potvrdily.<\/p>\n\n
Nov\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Science Advances kone\u010dn\u011b p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nezvratn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy starov\u011bk\u00e9ho u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed konop\u00ed. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z \u010c\u00edny a N\u011bmecka analyzovali d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 misky, tzv. kadidelnice, vykopan\u00e9 na 2 500 let star\u00e9m poh\u0159ebi\u0161ti v hor\u00e1ch z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010c\u00edny. V t\u011bchto kadidelnic\u00edch se nach\u00e1zely v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 stopy THC, slou\u010deniny zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za psychoaktivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky konop\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Auto\u0159i studie se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci ritu\u00e1l\u016f na poh\u0159ebi\u0161ti Jirzankal pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b konop\u00ed kou\u0159ili, aby nav\u00e1zali spojen\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edrodou, duchy nebo zem\u0159el\u00fdmi. Tuto hypot\u00e9zu podporuje skute\u010dnost, \u017ee byly kadidelnice nalezeny v souvislosti s hroby. V\u011bdci p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee kou\u0159 z konop\u00ed, podobn\u011b jako kadidlo, vypl\u0148oval uzav\u0159en\u00fd prostor a navozoval zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00fd stav v\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Studie rovn\u011b\u017e osv\u011btluje historii domestikace konop\u00ed. Konop\u00ed bylo poprv\u00e9 domestikov\u00e1no ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii p\u0159ed zhruba 3 500 lety, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro semena a vl\u00e1kna. Odr\u016fdy konop\u00ed nalezen\u00e9 na Jirzankalu v\u0161ak vykazovaly pom\u011brn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 hladiny THC, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee lid\u00e9 za\u010dali rostlinu p\u011bstovat pro jej\u00ed psychoaktivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky a\u017e v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch obdob\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n
N\u00e1lezy z Jirzankalu jsou v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 z n\u011bkolika d\u016fvod\u016f. Za prv\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed nejstar\u0161\u00ed chemick\u00fd d\u016fkaz ritu\u00e1ln\u00edho u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed konop\u00ed. Za druh\u00e9 roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed oblast lokalit spojen\u00fdch se \u010dasn\u00fdm u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm konop\u00ed. Za t\u0159et\u00ed nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee konop\u00ed bylo ve starov\u011bku vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no jak k l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdm, tak duchovn\u00edm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n
Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 pohledy na konop\u00ed se mezi kulturami z\u00e1sadn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch je konop\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1no a rekrea\u010dn\u011b u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no, v jin\u00fdch je st\u00e1le pova\u017eov\u00e1no za tabu. N\u00e1lezy z Jirzankalu v\u0161ak dokazuj\u00ed, \u017ee konop\u00ed m\u00e1 dlouhou a rozmanitou historii lidsk\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Objev z Jirzankalu poskytuje siln\u00e9 archeologick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy podporuj\u00edc\u00ed Herodotovo l\u00ed\u010den\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed konop\u00ed Skythy. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 zd\u016fraz\u0148uje d\u016fle\u017eitost archeologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu p\u0159i odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed historie lidsk\u00e9ho u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed omamn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a jejich kulturn\u00edho v\u00fdznamu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Starov\u011bk\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed konop\u00ed: Archeologick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy z 2 500 let star\u00e9ho poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b Herodotovo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed a hled\u00e1n\u00ed fyzick\u00fdch d\u016fkaz\u016f V roce 440 p\u0159. n. l. popsal Herodot, starov\u011bck\u00fd \u0159eck\u00fd historik, ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25335,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[88,18972,1797,20839,15402,20840,2113,20841,1727,1643,1281,99,97],"class_list":["post-15676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-archaeology","tag-cannabis","tag-history-of-science","tag-drug-use","tag-pharmacology","tag-funerary-rites","tag-natural-products","tag-prehistoric-cultures","tag-rituals","tag-ancient-history","tag-traditional-medicine","tag-lifescienceart","tag-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15676","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15676"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15676\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25336,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15676\/revisions\/25336"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25335"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15676"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15676"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15676"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}