{"id":15731,"date":"2022-03-15T10:14:19","date_gmt":"2022-03-15T10:14:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15731"},"modified":"2022-03-15T10:14:19","modified_gmt":"2022-03-15T10:14:19","slug":"the-history-of-the-west-in-film","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/art\/film\/the-history-of-the-west-in-film\/","title":{"rendered":"Historie Divok\u00e9ho z\u00e1padu ve filmu: Od ko\u0159en\u016f k r\u016fzn\u00fdm pohled\u016fm"},"content":{"rendered":"

Historie Divok\u00e9ho z\u00e1padu ve filmu<\/h2>\n\n

Ko\u0159eny western\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

P\u016fvab americk\u00e9ho Divok\u00e9ho z\u00e1padu uchv\u00e1til publikum na cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed. U\u017e od po\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f kinematografie se filma\u0159i obraceli k rozlehl\u00fdm krajin\u00e1m a bohat\u00e9 historii hranic, aby vypr\u00e1v\u011bli p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy zkoumaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed hodnoty a slo\u017eitosti americk\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti.<\/p>\n\n

Ko\u0159eny western\u016f lze vysledovat a\u017e do 17. stolet\u00ed, kdy se evrop\u0161t\u00ed kolonist\u00e9 poprv\u00e9 setkali s nezkrotnou divo\u010dinou Nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Hranice p\u0159edstavovala m\u00edsto nebezpe\u010d\u00ed i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, zemi, kde \u010dlov\u011bk mohl uniknout minulosti a vytvo\u0159it si novou identitu.<\/p>\n\n

V 19. stolet\u00ed auto\u0159i jako James Fenimore Cooper a mal\u00ed\u0159i z Hudson River School romantizovali Z\u00e1pad jako m\u00edsto dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed a hrdinstv\u00ed. Tato idealizovan\u00e1 vize siln\u011b ovlivnila v\u00fdvoj western\u016f, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto zobrazovaly kovboje jako drsn\u00e9 individualisty bojuj\u00edc\u00ed proti sil\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edrody a nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdm indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdm kmen\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n

Zlat\u00fd v\u011bk western\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Po\u010d\u00e1tek 20. stolet\u00ed znamenal zlat\u00fd v\u011bk western\u016f. Film studia Edison z roku 1903 \u201eVelk\u00e1 vlakov\u00e1 loupe\u017e\u201c je v\u0161eobecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1n za prvn\u00ed western a stanovil vzor pro nes\u010detn\u00e9 filmy, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly n\u00e1sledovat.<\/p>\n\n

Hollywoodsk\u00e1 studia rychle rozpoznala komer\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l western\u016f a brzy je produkovala v\u0161echna v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 studia. Re\u017eis\u00e9\u0159i jako John Ford, Victor Fleming a William Wyler si ud\u011blali jm\u00e9no v tomto \u017e\u00e1nru a hv\u011bzdy jako Tom Mix a Mabel Normand se staly zn\u00e1m\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny.<\/p>\n\n

Westerny se staly tak popul\u00e1rn\u00ed, proto\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edvaly z\u00e1kladn\u00ed t\u00e9mata americk\u00e9 identity: hled\u00e1n\u00ed svobody, boj proti nep\u0159\u00edzni osudu a d\u016fle\u017eitost komunity. Nab\u00edzely tak\u00e9 nostalgick\u00fd \u00fat\u011bk z \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edho a urbanizovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edho sv\u011bta po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Zapomenut\u00e9 filmy Z\u00e1padu<\/h2>\n\n

Zat\u00edmco klasick\u00e9 westerny jako \u201eDostavn\u00edk\u201c a \u201eHleda\u010di\u201c jsou st\u00e1le \u0161iroce oslavov\u00e1ny, mnoho m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch film\u016f z t\u00e9to \u00e9ry nab\u00edz\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed pohled na \u017e\u00e1nrovou rozmanitost a komplexnost.<\/p>\n\n

Treasures 5: The West 1898\u20131938, nov\u00e1 sada DVD od National Film Preservation Foundation, p\u0159edstavuje sb\u00edrku t\u011bchto zapomenut\u00fdch film\u016f. Sada obsahuje filmov\u00e9 t\u00fdden\u00edky, hran\u00e9 filmy, cestopisy a dokumenty, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed jedine\u010dnou perspektivu na \u017eivot na Z\u00e1pad\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00fd film v sad\u011b je \u201eThe Better Man\u201c (1914), kter\u00fd zkoum\u00e1 slo\u017eit\u00fd vztah mezi mexickoamerick\u00fdm zlod\u011bjem kon\u00ed a anglick\u00fdm otcem a man\u017eelem. Film byl ned\u00e1vno navr\u00e1cen z novoz\u00e9landsk\u00e9ho filmov\u00e9ho archivu a s velk\u00fdm \u00fasp\u011bchem m\u011bl premi\u00e9ru na festivalu n\u011bm\u00fdch film\u016f v San Franciscu.<\/p>\n\n

Jin\u00fd pohled na Z\u00e1pad<\/h2>\n\n

Filmy v Treasures 5: The West 1898\u20131938 nab\u00edzej\u00ed jin\u00fd pohled na Z\u00e1pad ne\u017e ten, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v klasick\u00fdch westernech z 50. let. Annette Melville, \u0159editelka NFPF, poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee Z\u00e1pad zobrazen\u00fd v t\u011bchto filmech je \u201esp\u00ed\u0161e tavic\u00ed kotel a m\u011bl v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozmanitost\u201c.<\/p>\n\n

Filmy v sad\u011b ukazuj\u00ed Z\u00e1pad jako m\u00edsto, kde se prol\u00ednaly r\u016fzn\u00e9 kultury a perspektivy. Zkoumaj\u00ed roli domorod\u00fdch Ameri\u010dan\u016f, asijsk\u00fdch p\u0159ist\u011bhovalc\u016f a \u017een p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed hranic.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1pad jako pozad\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Krom\u011b zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fdch a kulturn\u00edch d\u011bjin Z\u00e1padu vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed filmy v Treasures 5: The West 1898\u20131938 Z\u00e1pad tak\u00e9 jako pozad\u00ed pro zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch t\u00e9mat americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad film \u201eSunshine Gatherers\u201c (1916) vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh pr\u016fmyslu konzervovan\u00e9ho ovoce ke zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed vztahu mezi p\u0159\u00edrodou, pr\u016fmyslem a americk\u00fdm snem. Nen\u00e1padn\u00e9 logo Del Monte ve filmu slou\u017e\u00ed jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka komer\u010dn\u00edch sil, kter\u00e9 formovaly rozvoj Z\u00e1padu.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n

Treasures 5: The West 1898\u20131938 je cenn\u00e1 sb\u00edrka film\u016f, kter\u00e1 nab\u00edz\u00ed jedine\u010dnou a nuancovanou perspektivu na historii americk\u00e9ho Divok\u00e9ho z\u00e1padu. Filmy v sad\u011b poskytuj\u00ed poznatky o kulturn\u00edch, spole\u010densk\u00fdch a ekonomick\u00fdch sil\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 formovaly hranice, a zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed stereotypy western\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Historie Divok\u00e9ho z\u00e1padu ve filmu Ko\u0159eny western\u016f P\u016fvab americk\u00e9ho Divok\u00e9ho z\u00e1padu uchv\u00e1til publikum na cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed. U\u017e od po\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f kinematografie se filma\u0159i obraceli k rozlehl\u00fdm krajin\u00e1m a bohat\u00e9 historii hranic,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1458],"tags":[529,5805,1656,316,15680,7220,257,20380],"class_list":["post-15731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-film","tag-american-culture","tag-frontier","tag-film-history","tag-native-americans","tag-cinema","tag-cowboys","tag-nostalgia","tag-western-films"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15731","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15731"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15731\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15732,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15731\/revisions\/15732"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15731"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15731"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15731"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}