P\u0159ed n\u00e1stupem mechanick\u00e9ho chlazen\u00ed lid\u00e9 spol\u00e9hali na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed led k chlazen\u00ed sv\u00fdch potravin a n\u00e1poj\u016f. Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed za\u010dal mlad\u00fd obchodn\u00edk z Bostonu jm\u00e9nem Frederic Tudor p\u0159epravovat led z Nov\u00e9 Anglie do tropick\u00fdch destinac\u00ed. Tudor\u016fv podnik byl \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd a brzy se stal zn\u00e1m\u00fdm jako \u201eLedov\u00fd kr\u00e1l\u201c.<\/p>\n\n
V dusn\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Apalachicola na Florid\u011b znepokojoval Dr. John Gorrie nedostatek ledu pro sv\u00e9 pacienty s hore\u010dkou. Inspirovan\u00fd p\u0159edchoz\u00edmi experimenty s chlazen\u00edm za\u010dal pracovat na stroji, kter\u00fd by dok\u00e1zal vyr\u00e1b\u011bt led a ochlazovat vzduch. Po letech lad\u011bn\u00ed Gorrie p\u0159edstavil sv\u016fj vyn\u00e1lez v roce 1847.<\/p>\n\n
Gorrieho stroj na v\u00fdrobu ledu se setkal se skepticismem a odporem. Mnoho lid\u00ed v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee je nemo\u017en\u00e9, aby \u010dlov\u011bk um\u011ble vytvo\u0159il led. Tudor, kter\u00fd se c\u00edtil ohro\u017een Gorrieho vyn\u00e1lezem, \u00fadajn\u011b proti n\u011bmu zah\u00e1jil o\u010der\u0148ovac\u00ed kampa\u0148.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159esto\u017ee Gorrie v roce 1851 obdr\u017eel patent na sv\u016fj stroj, \u010delil finan\u010dn\u00edm t\u011b\u017ekostem. Investo\u0159i st\u00e1hli svou podporu a on nebyl schopen zajistit financov\u00e1n\u00ed pro v\u00fdrobu sv\u00e9ho vyn\u00e1lezu ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku.<\/p>\n\n
Gorrie v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee za jeho finan\u010dn\u00edmi t\u011b\u017ekostmi stoj\u00ed Tudor. Obvinil Tudora z toho, \u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u201emor\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny\u201c k tomu, aby zabr\u00e1nil pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jeho stroje. Rivalita mezi ob\u011bma mu\u017ei se stala ho\u0159kou.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159es p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky, kter\u00fdm \u010delil, Gorrieho vyn\u00e1lez otev\u0159el cestu k v\u00fdvoji modern\u00edho chlazen\u00ed. Jeho pr\u00e1ce polo\u017eila z\u00e1klady pro roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed stroj\u016f na v\u00fdrobu ledu a klimatizac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly hlubok\u00fd vliv na lidskou civilizaci.<\/p>\n\n
Gorrie zem\u0159el v chudob\u011b a zapomn\u011bn\u00ed v roce 1855. Jeho p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky v oblasti chlazen\u00ed v\u0161ak byly nakonec uzn\u00e1ny. Dnes je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za jednoho z pr\u016fkopn\u00edk\u016f modern\u00ed klimatiza\u010dn\u00ed a chladic\u00ed technologie.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdvoj mechanick\u00e9ho chlazen\u00ed m\u011bl transforma\u010dn\u00ed dopad na spole\u010dnost. Umo\u017enil masov\u00e9 p\u0159esuny obyvatelstva do teplej\u0161\u00edch podneb\u00ed a umo\u017enil konzervaci potravin po del\u0161\u00ed dobu. Chlazen\u00ed tak\u00e9 hr\u00e1lo kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i rozvoji nov\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed, jako je zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin a farmaceutick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl.<\/p>\n\n
Ran\u00ed pr\u016fkopn\u00edci chlazen\u00ed \u010delili mnoha v\u00fdzv\u00e1m. Museli p\u0159ekonat technick\u00e9 obt\u00ed\u017ee, skepticismus ve\u0159ejnosti a odpor zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f. Navzdory t\u011bmto p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m vytrvali a polo\u017eili z\u00e1klady pro modern\u00ed chlad\u00edrensk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl.<\/p>\n\n
Technologick\u00e9 inovace byly hnac\u00ed silou p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji chlazen\u00ed. Od Gorrieho \u010dasn\u00fdch experiment\u016f po sofistikovan\u00e9 chladic\u00ed syst\u00e9my sou\u010dasnosti hr\u00e1ly inovace rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed roli p\u0159i zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti a efektivity chladic\u00ed technologie.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Historie mechanick\u00e9ho chlazen\u00ed: Dr. John Gorrie a Ledov\u00fd kr\u00e1l Prvn\u00ed pokusy o chlazen\u00ed P\u0159ed n\u00e1stupem mechanick\u00e9ho chlazen\u00ed lid\u00e9 spol\u00e9hali na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed led k chlazen\u00ed sv\u00fdch potravin a n\u00e1poj\u016f. Na po\u010d\u00e1tku…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[999],"tags":[3471,3475,3476,3474,3472,3473],"class_list":["post-1581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technology","tag-dr-john-gorrie","tag-frederic-tudor","tag-history-of-refrigeration","tag-air-conditioning","tag-mechanical-refrigeration","tag-ice-machine"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1581","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1581"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1581\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1582,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1581\/revisions\/1582"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1581"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1581"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1581"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}