{"id":15811,"date":"2024-10-02T16:01:29","date_gmt":"2024-10-02T16:01:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15811"},"modified":"2024-10-02T16:01:29","modified_gmt":"2024-10-02T16:01:29","slug":"puerto-rico-a-tapestry-of-history-and-heritage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/uncategorized\/puerto-rico-a-tapestry-of-history-and-heritage\/","title":{"rendered":"Portoriko: Tapiserie historie a d\u011bdictv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Portoriko: Tapiserie historie a d\u011bdictv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159\u00edjezd Evropan\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Bohat\u00e1 historie Portorika za\u010dala v roce 1493, kdy se renesan\u010dn\u00ed mo\u0159eplavec Kry\u0161tof Kolumbus vylodil na jeho b\u0159ez\u00edch. Ostrov byl zpo\u010d\u00e1tku pojmenov\u00e1n San Juan Bautista, ale kv\u016fli hojn\u00e9mu v\u00fdskytu zlata byl pozd\u011bji p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n na Puerto Rico, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 “bohat\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstav”. Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto zd\u011bdilo jm\u00e9no San Juan. Za \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 nadvl\u00e1dy se Portoriko stalo strategickou vojenskou pevnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Tavic\u00ed kotl\u00edk kultur<\/h2>\n\n

Jako \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e1 kolonie se Portoriko stalo tavic\u00edm kotl\u00edkem kultur. Dovoz otrok\u016f z Afriky p\u0159inesl na ostrov africk\u00e9 vlivy. Svou stopu zde zanechali tak\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 Ta\u00ednov\u00e9 a Karibov\u00e9, co\u017e vedlo k rozmanit\u00e9 populaci s bohat\u00fdm kulturn\u00edm d\u011bdictv\u00edm. Mnoho m\u011bst v Portoriku st\u00e1le nese ta\u00ednsk\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad Utuado, Mayag\u00fcez a Caguas.<\/p>\n\n

Pod americkou vlajkou<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159es \u010detn\u00e9 pokusy Francouz\u016f, Holan\u010fan\u016f a Angli\u010dan\u016f dob\u00fdt Portoriko p\u0159etrv\u00e1vala \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e1 nadvl\u00e1da a\u017e do \u0161pan\u011blsko-americk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v roce 1898. Americk\u00e9 s\u00edly ostrov napadly a ve smlouv\u011b z Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee \u0160pan\u011blsko postoupilo Portoriko Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm spolu s Kubou, Filip\u00ednami a Guamem.<\/p>\n\n

Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 transformace<\/h2>\n\n

Pod svrchovanost\u00ed USA za\u017eila ekonomika Portorika v\u00fdznamn\u00fd posun od produkce cukru k industrializaci. Operation Bootstrap, ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed program hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho rozvoje, p\u0159il\u00e1kal americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti d\u00edky levn\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edle a p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdm da\u0148ov\u00fdm z\u00e1kon\u016fm. V\u00fdroba a cestovn\u00ed ruch se staly pil\u00ed\u0159i portorick\u00e9 ekonomiky, co\u017e vedlo k v\u00fdrob\u011b high-tech za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a nejprod\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00edch l\u00e9k\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Politick\u00fd status a ob\u010danstv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 1917 bylo Portori\u010dan\u016fm ud\u011bleno americk\u00e9 ob\u010danstv\u00ed a v roce 1952 se ostrov ofici\u00e1ln\u011b stal st\u00e1tem p\u0159idru\u017een\u00fdm k USA. Ot\u00e1zka politick\u00e9ho statusu v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edm\u011btem prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed debaty, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed obhajuj\u00ed st\u00e1tnost, jin\u00ed nez\u00e1vislost a dal\u0161\u00ed zachov\u00e1n\u00ed statusu p\u0159idru\u017een\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159\u00edtomnost americk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva<\/h2>\n\n

B\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky zakoupilo americk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo dv\u011b t\u0159etiny ostrova k vyu\u017eit\u00ed jako n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu. N\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo zde prov\u00e1d\u011blo vojensk\u00e1 cvi\u010den\u00ed a bombardovac\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed po dobu t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 60 let, dokud n\u00e1hodn\u00e1 smrt civilisty b\u011bhem bombardovac\u00edho cvi\u010den\u00ed nevyvolala protesty a nakonec nevedla k uzav\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1kladny v roce 2003. Dnes byly b\u00fdval\u00e9 pozemky n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bny na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed rezervace.<\/p>\n\n

Kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed a jazyky<\/h2>\n\n

\u0160pan\u011bl\u0161tina a angli\u010dtina jsou \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edmi jazyky Portorika, co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed historick\u00e9 a kulturn\u00ed vazby ostrova na \u0160pan\u011blsko i Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bnou je americk\u00fd dolar.<\/p>\n\n

\u017div\u00e1 turistick\u00e1 destinace<\/h2>\n\n

Portoriko se stalo p\u0159edn\u00ed turistickou destinac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se py\u0161n\u00ed kr\u00e1sn\u00fdmi pl\u00e1\u017eemi, bujn\u00fdmi de\u0161tn\u00fdmi pralesy a \u017eiv\u00fdmi m\u011bsty. Bohat\u00e1 historie a kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed ostrova spolu s jeho p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed kr\u00e1sou z n\u011bj d\u011blaj\u00ed atraktivn\u00ed destinaci pro cestovatele z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n\n

Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed odkaz<\/h2>\n\n

Historie Portorika je charakteristick\u00e1 prol\u00edn\u00e1n\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch kultur, bojem za nez\u00e1vislost a sebeur\u010den\u00ed a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi a soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi transformacemi, kter\u00e9 formovaly jedine\u010dnou identitu ostrova. Jako st\u00e1t p\u0159idru\u017een\u00fd k USA Portoriko nad\u00e1le hled\u00e1 sv\u016fj politick\u00fd status a buduje si vlastn\u00ed cestu v 21. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Portoriko: Tapiserie historie a d\u011bdictv\u00ed P\u0159\u00edjezd Evropan\u016f Bohat\u00e1 historie Portorika za\u010dala v roce 1493, kdy se renesan\u010dn\u00ed mo\u0159eplavec Kry\u0161tof Kolumbus vylodil na jeho b\u0159ez\u00edch. Ostrov byl zpo\u010d\u00e1tku pojmenov\u00e1n San Juan…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24514,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[4036,27,63,2855,5985,3350,116,21009,305,21010],"class_list":["post-15811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-heritage","tag-history","tag-culture","tag-manufacturing","tag-pharmaceuticals","tag-puerto-rico","tag-diversity","tag-spanish-colony","tag-tourism","tag-u-s-commonwealth"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15811","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15811"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15811\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24515,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15811\/revisions\/24515"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24514"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15811"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15811"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15811"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}