{"id":15821,"date":"2024-07-29T17:18:52","date_gmt":"2024-07-29T17:18:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15821"},"modified":"2024-07-29T17:18:52","modified_gmt":"2024-07-29T17:18:52","slug":"mapping-tools-for-wilderness-firefighters-enhancing-safety-and-escape-planning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/environmental-science\/mapping-tools-for-wilderness-firefighters-enhancing-safety-and-escape-planning\/","title":{"rendered":"Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost hasi\u010d\u016f: Technologie LIDAR pro rychlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fanik"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mapovac\u00ed n\u00e1stroje pro hasi\u010de v divo\u010din\u011b: Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00faniku<\/h2>\n\n

Vyhodnocen\u00ed ter\u00e9nu a pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fanikov\u00fdch cest<\/h2>\n\n

Ha\u0161en\u00ed lesn\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f je od p\u0159\u00edrody nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 povol\u00e1n\u00ed a proto\u017ee zm\u011bna klimatu zintenziv\u0148uje lesn\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ry, hasi\u010di se obracej\u00ed na technologie, aby zlep\u0161ili svou bezpe\u010dnost. Jedn\u00edm ze slibn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f je LIDAR (detekce a d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed sv\u011btla), kter\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 lasery k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed podrobn\u00fdch map ter\u00e9nu.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zjistili, \u017ee data LIDAR lze pou\u017e\u00edt k posouzen\u00ed nejrychlej\u0161\u00edch mo\u017en\u00fdch \u00fanikov\u00fdch cest na z\u00e1klad\u011b faktor\u016f, jako je sklon, hustota vegetace a drsnost povrchu zem\u011b. Zapojen\u00edm t\u011bchto faktor\u016f do algoritmu mohou hasi\u010di rychle identifikovat nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cestu ven z oblasti lesn\u00edho po\u017e\u00e1ru.<\/p>\n\n

Technologie LIDAR v akci<\/h2>\n\n

Ve studii proveden\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky z Lesn\u00ed slu\u017eby USA a University of Utah \u0161li dobrovoln\u00edci po cest\u00e1ch s r\u016fzn\u00fdm sklonem, hustotou vegetace a drsnost\u00ed povrchu zem\u011b. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pou\u017eili mapy LIDAR k v\u00fdpo\u010dtu \u00fa\u010dinku ka\u017ed\u00e9ho faktoru na rychlost pohybu.<\/p>\n\n

Zjistili, \u017ee nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vliv m\u011bl sklon, n\u00e1sledovan\u00fd hustotou vegetace a drsnost\u00ed povrchu zem\u011b. Vegetace vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 2 metry (nad v\u00fd\u0161kou hlavy) br\u00e1nila v pohybu m\u00e9n\u011b, zat\u00edmco vegetace ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 15 centimetr\u016f m\u011bla zanedbateln\u00fd vliv.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed omezen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee technologie LIDAR m\u00e1 velk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti hasi\u010d\u016f, st\u00e1le existuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e1 omezen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je t\u0159eba vz\u00edt v \u00favahu. Mapy LIDAR nejsou zat\u00edm k dispozici pro v\u0161echny oblasti a jejich zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u010dasov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. Nav\u00edc tato technika nezohled\u0148uje v\u0161echny faktory, kter\u00e9 mohou ovlivnit rychlost pohybu, jako je chov\u00e1n\u00ed ohn\u011b a rychlost v\u011btru.<\/p>\n\n

Integrace chov\u00e1n\u00ed ohn\u011b a rychlosti v\u011btru<\/h2>\n\n

Chov\u00e1n\u00ed ohn\u011b a rychlost v\u011btru mohou m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na rychlost, kterou se hasi\u010di mohou pohybovat. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pracuj\u00ed na za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto faktor\u016f do n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fanikov\u00fdch cest. Nap\u0159\u00edklad Fire Lab Lesn\u00ed slu\u017eby USA vyvinul n\u00e1stroj pro modelov\u00e1n\u00ed povrchov\u00e9ho v\u011btru nazvan\u00fd WindNinja, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout podrobn\u00e9 v\u011btrn\u00e9 vektory na mobiln\u00edm telefonu.<\/p>\n\n

Role technologi\u00ed v bezpe\u010dnosti hasi\u010d\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Technologie hraje st\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed roli p\u0159i zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti hasi\u010d\u016f. Krom\u011b mapovac\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f a syst\u00e9m\u016f pro modelov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011btru zkoumaj\u00ed v\u011bdci tak\u00e9 sledovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, drony s infra\u010derven\u00fdmi kamerami a dal\u0161\u00ed satelitn\u00ed sn\u00edmac\u00ed data, aby zlep\u0161ili situa\u010dn\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed a komunikaci.<\/p>\n\n

Budoucnost \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Kone\u010dn\u00fdm c\u00edlem v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f je dos\u00e1hnout nulov\u00e9 \u00famrtnosti hasi\u010d\u016f. Vyu\u017eit\u00edm technologi\u00ed ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fanikov\u00fdch cest, poskytov\u00e1n\u00edm informac\u00ed v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase o po\u010das\u00ed a chov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ru a sledov\u00e1n\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch hasi\u010d\u016f je mo\u017en\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed riskuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u017eivoty na ochranu na\u0161ich komunit.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mapovac\u00ed n\u00e1stroje pro hasi\u010de v divo\u010din\u011b: Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00faniku Vyhodnocen\u00ed ter\u00e9nu a pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fanikov\u00fdch cest Ha\u0161en\u00ed lesn\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f je od p\u0159\u00edrody nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 povol\u00e1n\u00ed a proto\u017ee zm\u011bna klimatu zintenziv\u0148uje…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23990,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[21026,21024,5342,21025,21023,21027],"class_list":["post-15821","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environmental-science","tag-fire-behavior","tag-wildland-fire","tag-lidar-technology","tag-escape-route-planning","tag-firefighter-safety","tag-wind-speeds"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15821","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15821"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15821\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15822,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15821\/revisions\/15822"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23990"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15821"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15821"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15821"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}