Mal\u00e1 doba ledov\u00e1 bylo obdob\u00ed neobvykle chladn\u00fdch zim, kter\u00e9 trvalo od 14. do poloviny 19. stolet\u00ed. Toto obdob\u00ed m\u011blo z\u00e1sadn\u00ed dopad na evropskou spole\u010dnost a kulturu a dodnes ho v\u011bdci studuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Jedn\u00edm z nejikoni\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch obraz\u016f spojen\u00fdch s Malou dobou ledovou je pohled na nizozemsk\u00e9 brusla\u0159e klouzaj\u00edc\u00ed po zamrzl\u00fdch kan\u00e1lech. Tento obraz je zachycen na obrazech Hendricka Avercampa, nizozemsk\u00e9ho um\u011blce, kter\u00fd \u017eil v dob\u011b Mal\u00e9 doby ledov\u00e9. Avercampovy obrazy zobrazuj\u00ed \u017eivou a slavnostn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ru na ledu, kde lid\u00e9 brusl\u00ed, s\u00e1\u0148kuj\u00ed a hraj\u00ed hry.<\/p>\n\n
V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee Mal\u00e1 doba ledov\u00e1 byla zp\u016fsobena kombinac\u00ed faktor\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivity a zm\u011bn v proudov\u00e9m proudu. Slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivita je mno\u017estv\u00ed energie vyza\u0159ovan\u00e9 Sluncem a v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu se m\u011bn\u00ed v cyklu, kter\u00fd trv\u00e1 asi 11 let. Kdy\u017e je slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivita n\u00edzk\u00e1, Zem\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 ze Slunce m\u00e9n\u011b energie, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm teplot\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n
Proud proudu je v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fd v\u011btrn\u00fd proud, kter\u00fd proud\u00ed ze z\u00e1padu na v\u00fdchod p\u0159es severn\u00ed polokouli. P\u016fsob\u00ed jako bari\u00e9ra odd\u011bluj\u00edc\u00ed studen\u00fd vzduch ze severu od tepl\u00e9ho vzduchu z jihu. B\u011bhem Mal\u00e9 doby ledov\u00e9 se proud proudu stal v\u00edce \u201ezablokovan\u00fdm\u201c, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee vytvo\u0159il tvar \u201eS\u201c nad severn\u00edm Atlantikem. To zp\u016fsobilo, \u017ee studen\u00fd vzduch z Arktidy proudil do Evropy, co\u017e m\u011blo za n\u00e1sledek chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zimy.<\/p>\n\n
Mal\u00e1 doba ledov\u00e1 m\u011bla v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na evropsk\u00e9 zimy. Zimy byly del\u0161\u00ed a chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a \u0159eky a kan\u00e1ly zamrzaly \u010dast\u011bji. To zt\u011b\u017eovalo cestov\u00e1n\u00ed a obchod a vedlo k rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm ne\u00farod\u00e1m. Krut\u00e9 zimy tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsobily n\u00e1r\u016fst \u00famrt\u00ed v d\u016fsledku zimy a hladomoru.<\/p>\n\n
Mal\u00e1 doba ledov\u00e1 m\u011bla trval\u00fd dopad na evropskou spole\u010dnost a kulturu. Chladn\u00e9 zimy vedly ke zm\u011bn\u00e1m v zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch praktik\u00e1ch a v\u00fdvoji nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed, jako jsou brusle a s\u00e1n\u011b. Mal\u00e1 doba ledov\u00e1 m\u011bla tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na um\u011bn\u00ed, proto\u017ee um\u011blci jako Avercamp zachytili jedine\u010dn\u00e9 a n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky t\u00e9 doby.<\/p>\n\n
Mal\u00e1 doba ledov\u00e1 skon\u010dila v polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed a zimy v Evrop\u011b se od t\u00e9 doby staly m\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi. V\u011bdci v\u0161ak st\u00e1le studuj\u00ed Malou dobu ledovou, aby l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bli tomu, jak zm\u011bna klimatu m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit na\u0161i planetu. Pochopen\u00edm p\u0159\u00ed\u010din a d\u016fsledk\u016f Mal\u00e9 doby ledov\u00e9 se m\u016f\u017eeme l\u00e9pe p\u0159ipravit na budouc\u00ed zm\u011bny na\u0161eho klimatu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Mal\u00e1 doba ledov\u00e1: Obdob\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00edch zim Mal\u00e1 doba ledov\u00e1 bylo obdob\u00ed neobvykle chladn\u00fdch zim, kter\u00e9 trvalo od 14. do poloviny 19. stolet\u00ed. Toto obdob\u00ed m\u011blo z\u00e1sadn\u00ed dopad na evropskou spole\u010dnost…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[284],"tags":[21224,27,21223,7395,9,97,34],"class_list":["post-15977","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-science","tag-hendrick-avercamp","tag-history","tag-little-ice-age","tag-dutch-art","tag-art","tag-science","tag-climate-change"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15977","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15977"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15977\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15978,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15977\/revisions\/15978"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15977"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15977"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15977"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}