Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku zdobil str\u00e1nky iluminovan\u00fdch rukopis\u016f z\u00e1\u0159iv\u011b modr\u00fd inkoust zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako folium. Folium z\u00edsk\u00e1valo sv\u016fj syt\u011b modr\u00fd odst\u00edn z plod\u016f rostliny Chrozophora tinctoria a uhranulo p\u00edsa\u0159e i um\u011blce t\u00e9 doby. V 19. stolet\u00ed v\u0161ak pigment upadl v zapomn\u011bn\u00ed a jeho chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed se stalo zapomenut\u00fdm tajemstv\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n
O n\u011bkolik stolet\u00ed pozd\u011bji se t\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f, restaur\u00e1tor\u016f a biologa vydal na cestu za znovuobjeven\u00edm ztracen\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdroby folia. Jejich cesta zapo\u010dala studiem starov\u011bk\u00fdch text\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed z 15. stolet\u00ed, kter\u00e9 poskytovalo podrobn\u00e9 n\u00e1vody k extrakci pigmentu.<\/p>\n\n
V\u011bdci identifikovali rostlinu Chrozophora tinctoria jako zdroj folia. Tato nen\u00e1padn\u00e1 rostlina, poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z ji\u017en\u00edho Portugalska, plod\u00ed hr\u00e1\u0161kov\u011b velk\u00e9 plody, kter\u00e9 dozr\u00e1vaj\u00ed do syt\u011b modr\u00e9 barvy. V\u011bdci str\u00e1vili n\u011bkolik letn\u00edch obdob\u00ed sb\u011brem vzork\u016f pro sv\u00e9 experimenty.<\/p>\n\n
V souladu se st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdm receptem namo\u010dil t\u00fdm \u010derstv\u00e9 plody do sm\u011bsi methanolu a vody. Opatrn\u011b m\u00edchali, aby nedo\u0161lo k uvoln\u011bn\u00ed semen, kter\u00e1 by mohla zp\u016fsobit zgumovat\u011bn\u00ed sm\u011bsi. Po dvou hodin\u00e1ch byl pigment extrahov\u00e1n a p\u0159ipraven k dal\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdze.<\/p>\n\n
Pomoc\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch technik, jako je chromatografie, hmotnostn\u00ed spektrometrie a nukle\u00e1rn\u00ed magnetick\u00e1 rezonance, ur\u010dili v\u011bdci chemickou strukturu folia. Objevili, \u017ee pat\u0159\u00ed do unik\u00e1tn\u00ed skupiny modr\u00fdch barviv odvozen\u00fdch od chemick\u00e9 slou\u010deniny, kterou pojmenovali krozaforidin.<\/p>\n\n
Modr\u00fd odst\u00edn folia se li\u0161\u00ed od jin\u00fdch trvanliv\u00fdch modr\u00fdch barviv, jako je indigo a antokyany. Jeho jedine\u010dn\u00e1 chemick\u00e1 struktura mu prop\u016fj\u010duje v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti, d\u00edky nim\u017e je neoceniteln\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro restaur\u00e1tory a um\u011blce, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed zachovat a znovu vytvo\u0159it st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 rukopisy.<\/p>\n\n
Studie zd\u016fraz\u0148uje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli historick\u00fdch text\u016f v porozum\u011bn\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00fdch pigment\u016f. Kombinac\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00fdch znalost\u00ed a modern\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch metod mohou v\u011bdci odhalit tajemstv\u00ed ztracen\u00fdch um\u011bleck\u00fdch forem a zajistit jejich uchov\u00e1n\u00ed pro budouc\u00ed generace.<\/p>\n\n
Znovunalezen\u00ed folia m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch rukopis\u016f. D\u00edky pochopen\u00ed chemick\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed folia mohou restaur\u00e1to\u0159i vyvinout \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metody ochrany a obnovy t\u011bchto vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch um\u011bleck\u00fdch d\u011bl a zajistit, aby jejich z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00e9 barvy i nad\u00e1le inspirovaly budouc\u00ed generace.<\/p>\n\n
Znovuzrozen\u00ed folia je d\u016fkazem trval\u00e9 s\u00edly lidsk\u00e9 tvo\u0159ivosti a d\u016fle\u017eitosti zachov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161eho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Je to p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh spolupr\u00e1ce v\u011bdc\u016f a u\u010denc\u016f, um\u011blc\u016f a restaur\u00e1tor\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b pracuj\u00ed na o\u017eiven\u00ed ztracen\u00e9 um\u011bleck\u00e9 formy.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd modr\u00fd inkoust: Znovuobjeven\u00e9 ztracen\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed Pigment minulosti Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku zdobil str\u00e1nky iluminovan\u00fdch rukopis\u016f z\u00e1\u0159iv\u011b modr\u00fd inkoust zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako folium. Folium z\u00edsk\u00e1valo sv\u016fj syt\u011b modr\u00fd odst\u00edn z plod\u016f rostliny Chrozophora…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3501],"tags":[3500,218,2156],"class_list":["post-1600","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-art-conservation","tag-pigment-analysis","tag-chemistry","tag-medieval-art"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1600","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1600"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1600\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1601,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1600\/revisions\/1601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1600"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1600"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1600"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}