{"id":16013,"date":"2022-10-01T01:54:35","date_gmt":"2022-10-01T01:54:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16013"},"modified":"2022-10-01T01:54:35","modified_gmt":"2022-10-01T01:54:35","slug":"uk-law-pardon-gay-men-sex-crimes-fails-parliament","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/lgbtq-rights\/uk-law-pardon-gay-men-sex-crimes-fails-parliament\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00fd britsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd by omilostnil homosexu\u00e1ly za d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, nepro\u0161el parlamentem"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00fd britsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o omilostn\u011bn\u00ed homosexu\u00e1l\u016f za d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed trestn\u00e9 \u010diny nepro\u0161el parlamentem<\/h2>\n\n

Historick\u00fd kontext<\/h2>\n\n

Homosexualita byla po stalet\u00ed ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed kriminalizov\u00e1na. Z\u00e1kon o soulo\u017ei z roku 1533 stanovil trest smrti za homosexu\u00e1ln\u00ed pohlavn\u00ed styk. Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kony zm\u00edrnily tresty, ale mu\u017ei mohli b\u00fdt st\u00e1le st\u00edh\u00e1ni a trest\u00e1ni za sex s jin\u00fdmi mu\u017ei.<\/p>\n\n

V roce 1967 z\u00e1kon o sexu\u00e1ln\u00edch trestn\u00fdch \u010dinech dekriminalizoval homosexu\u00e1ln\u00ed styk mezi dosp\u011bl\u00fdmi osobami stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed na soukrom\u00ed. Byl to v\u00fdznamn\u00fd krok vp\u0159ed pro pr\u00e1va LGBTQ+, ale nezab\u00fdval se historick\u00fdmi nespravedlnostmi, kter\u00fdm \u010delili homosexu\u00e1ln\u00ed mu\u017ei odsouzen\u00ed za sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed trestn\u00e9 \u010diny.<\/p>\n\n

Turing\u016fv z\u00e1kon<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 2016 byl p\u0159edlo\u017een n\u00e1vrh soukrom\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Turing\u016fv z\u00e1kon s c\u00edlem omilostnit zesnul\u00e9 i \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed homosexu\u00e1ln\u00ed mu\u017ee za historick\u00e9 sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e nebyly pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za trestn\u00e9. N\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona byl pojmenov\u00e1n po Alanu Turingovi, pr\u016fkopnick\u00e9m informatikovi, kter\u00fd byl v roce 1952 st\u00edh\u00e1n za \u201ehrubou neslu\u0161nost\u201c a rozhodl se podstoupit chemickou kastraci m\u00edsto toho, aby \u0161el do v\u011bzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Turing\u016fv z\u00e1kon m\u011bl za c\u00edl posmrtn\u011b omilostnit desetitis\u00edce mu\u017e\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli odsouzeni za trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e nebyly pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za trestn\u00e9, a tak\u00e9 automaticky omilostnit \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed osoby s podobn\u00fdmi rozsudky.<\/p>\n\n

Parlamentn\u00ed debata<\/h2>\n\n

Turing\u016fv z\u00e1kon byl projedn\u00e1v\u00e1n v parlamentu, ale nakonec nebyl p\u0159ijat kv\u016fli obav\u00e1m, \u017ee automatick\u00e1 amnestie by zbavila n\u011bkter\u00e9 lidi odpov\u011bdnosti za trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, kter\u00e9 jsou st\u00e1le pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za zlo\u010diny. Vl\u00e1da navrhla vlastn\u00ed pozm\u011b\u0148ovac\u00ed n\u00e1vrh, kter\u00fd by vy\u017eadoval, aby \u017eiv\u00e9 osoby po\u017e\u00e1daly o milost.<\/p>\n\n

Kritika aktivist\u016f LGBTQ+<\/h2>\n\n

Aktivist\u00e9 LGBTQ+ kritizovali pou\u017eit\u00ed slova \u201emilosrdenstv\u00ed\u201c v Turingov\u011b z\u00e1kon\u011b s t\u00edm, \u017ee nazna\u010duje, \u017ee byl sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n zlo\u010din, a \u017ee nejde dostate\u010dn\u011b daleko, aby se omluvilo za stalet\u00ed nespravedlnosti.<\/p>\n\n

Odhadovan\u00fd dopad<\/h2>\n\n

John Sharkey, \u010dlen Sn\u011bmovny lord\u016f, kter\u00fd navrhl Turing\u016fv z\u00e1kon, odhadl, \u017ee st\u00e1le \u017eije 15 000 mu\u017e\u016f odsouzen\u00fdch za historick\u00e9 sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje v\u00edce ne\u017e 23 % z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 65 000 mu\u017e\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli prohl\u00e1\u0161eni za zlo\u010dince kv\u016fli t\u011bmto z\u00e1kon\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n

D\u011bdictv\u00ed a v\u00fdznam<\/h2>\n\n

Turing\u016fv z\u00e1kon, p\u0159esto\u017ee nebyl p\u0159ijat, zd\u016fraznil pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed boj za pr\u00e1va LGBTQ+ a pot\u0159ebu \u0159e\u0161it historick\u00e9 nespravedlnosti. Tak\u00e9 upozornil na d\u011bdictv\u00ed Alana Turinga a jeho p\u0159\u00ednosy pro po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovou v\u011bdu a boj za rovnost LGBTQ+.<\/p>\n\n

Zachov\u00e1n\u00ed historick\u00fdch m\u00edst a uzn\u00e1n\u00ed man\u017eelstv\u00ed osob stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

V posledn\u00edch letech do\u0161lo ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech a Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii ke snah\u00e1m o zachov\u00e1n\u00ed historick\u00fdch m\u00edst souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s histori\u00ed LGBTQ+, jako je hostinec Stonewall Inn v New Yorku a d\u016fm Oscara Wildea v Lond\u00fdn\u011b. Uzn\u00e1n\u00ed man\u017eelstv\u00ed osob stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed v obou zem\u00edch bylo tak\u00e9 ocen\u011bno jako z\u00e1sadn\u00ed krok vp\u0159ed pro pr\u00e1va LGBTQ+.<\/p>\n\n

Nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi automatick\u00fdmi milostmi a \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm historick\u00e9 nespravedlnosti<\/h2>\n\n

Turing\u016fv z\u00e1kon vyvolal nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi touhou po automatick\u00fdch milostech za \u00fa\u010delem n\u00e1pravy historick\u00fdch nespravedlnost\u00ed a pot\u0159ebou zajistit, aby nebyly omluveny z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010diny. Pozme\u0148ovac\u00ed n\u00e1vrh vl\u00e1dy, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje, aby \u017eiv\u00e9 osoby po\u017e\u00e1daly o milost, p\u0159edstavuje kompromis, kter\u00fd se sna\u017e\u00ed vyv\u00e1\u017eit tyto obavy.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00fd britsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o omilostn\u011bn\u00ed homosexu\u00e1l\u016f za d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed trestn\u00e9 \u010diny nepro\u0161el parlamentem Historick\u00fd kontext Homosexualita byla po stalet\u00ed ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed kriminalizov\u00e1na. Z\u00e1kon o soulo\u017ei z roku 1533 stanovil…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21280],"tags":[4115,5159,4387,21279,19608,527],"class_list":["post-16013","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lgbtq-rights","tag-historical-injustice","tag-lgbtq-history","tag-lgbtq","tag-uk-parliament","tag-gay-rights","tag-social-justice"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16013","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16013"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16013\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16014,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16013\/revisions\/16014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16013"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16013"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16013"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}