{"id":1602,"date":"2023-02-19T23:01:51","date_gmt":"2023-02-19T23:01:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1602"},"modified":"2023-02-19T23:01:51","modified_gmt":"2023-02-19T23:01:51","slug":"neanderthal-cave-paintings-challenge-origins-of-art","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/archaeology\/neanderthal-cave-paintings-challenge-origins-of-art\/","title":{"rendered":"Jeskynn\u00e9 malby: D\u00edlo neandert\u00e1lsk\u00fdch mistr\u016f?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jeskynn\u00e9 malby: D\u00edlo neandert\u00e1lsk\u00fdch mistr\u016f?<\/h2>\n\n

Neandert\u00e1lci a po\u010d\u00e1tky um\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Po cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed si lid\u00e9 n\u00e1rokovali titul jedin\u00fdch tv\u016frc\u016f um\u011bn\u00ed. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 archeologick\u00e9 objevy v\u0161ak zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed toto dlouho tradovan\u00e9 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed. Pr\u016fkopnick\u00e1 metoda datov\u00e1n\u00ed jeskynn\u00e9 malby britsk\u00e9ho archeologa Alistera Pika nazna\u010duje, \u017ee neandert\u00e1lci, na\u0161i d\u00e1vno vyhynul\u00ed bratranci, mohli b\u00fdt hybnou silou za n\u011bkter\u00fdmi z nejran\u011bj\u0161\u00edch forem um\u011bleck\u00e9ho vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Pik\u016fv v\u00fdzkum se zam\u011b\u0159uje na \u0159adu \u010derven\u00fdch te\u010dek nalezen\u00fdch ve \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 jeskyni. Pomoc\u00ed inovativn\u00edch technik zjistil, \u017ee tyto zna\u010dky byly vytvo\u0159eny p\u0159ed nejm\u00e9n\u011b 40 800 lety, co\u017e se \u010dasov\u011b shoduje s p\u0159\u00edchodem lid\u00ed na Pyrenejsk\u00fd poloostrov. Pokud tyto malby p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti \u010dlov\u011bka, poskytly by p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fd d\u016fkaz o tom, \u017ee neandert\u00e1lci m\u011bli schopnost um\u011bleck\u00e9 tvorby.<\/p>\n\n

Rostouc\u00ed seznam nelidsk\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Um\u011bn\u00ed nen\u00ed jedin\u00fdm lidsk\u00fdm \u00fasp\u011bchem, kter\u00fd byl v posledn\u00edch letech zpochybn\u011bn. V\u00fdzkum uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee i jin\u00e9 druhy, v\u010detn\u011b zv\u00ed\u0159at, jsou schopny slo\u017eit\u00fdch vzorc\u016f chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se kdysi pova\u017eovaly za v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u00e9 pro \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n\n

Hudba:<\/strong> Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee neandert\u00e1lci m\u011bli hlasivky podobn\u00e9 modern\u00edm lidem, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee se mohli v\u011bnovat hudebn\u00edm aktivit\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n

Smutek:<\/strong> Sloni vykazuj\u00ed jasn\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky z\u00e1rmutku a smutku, co\u017e dokazuje schopnost emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed hloubky, kter\u00e1 byla d\u0159\u00edve p\u0159ipisov\u00e1na pouze lidem.<\/p>\n\n

Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f:<\/strong> Bylo pozorov\u00e1no, \u017ee \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la zv\u00ed\u0159at, od havran\u016f a \u0161impanz\u016f po vydry a chobotnice, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 n\u00e1stroje k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f a z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed potravy.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1hada inspirace<\/h2>\n\n

Pokud neandert\u00e1lci vytvo\u0159ili doty\u010dn\u00e9 jeskynn\u00ed malby, vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 to zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o jejich motivaci a povaze inspirace. Pro\u010d \u010dekali a\u017e na p\u0159\u00edchod \u010dlov\u011bka, ne\u017e za\u010dali malovat? Byla to p\u0159\u00edtomnost \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00e1 za\u017eehla jejich kreativitu? Nebo prost\u011b m\u011bli um\u011bleck\u00fd impuls, kter\u00fd se projevil v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku?<\/p>\n\n

Debata pokra\u010duje<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee Pikova zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed poskytuj\u00ed siln\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o neandrt\u00e1lsk\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed skepti\u010dt\u00ed. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee malby mohly b\u00fdt st\u00e1le vytvo\u0159eny lidmi, a ptaj\u00ed se, pro\u010d by neandert\u00e1lci tak dlouho \u010dekali, ne\u017e projev\u00ed sv\u00e9 um\u011bleck\u00e9 schopnosti.<\/p>\n\n

Implikace pro lidskou evoluci<\/h2>\n\n

Debata o p\u016fvodu jeskynn\u00edch maleb m\u00e1 hlubok\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 evoluce. Pokud byli neandert\u00e1lci schopni vytv\u00e1\u0159et um\u011bn\u00ed, nazna\u010duje to, \u017ee um\u011bleck\u00fd v\u00fdraz nen\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fdm lidsk\u00fdm rysem. Tak\u00e9 to zpochyb\u0148uje tradi\u010dn\u00ed pohled na neandert\u00e1lce jako na primitivn\u00ed a nekulturn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n

Objev potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch neandrt\u00e1lsk\u00fdch jeskynn\u00edch maleb otev\u0159el nov\u00e9 cesty zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fvodu um\u011bn\u00ed a kognitivn\u00edch schopnost\u00ed na\u0161ich d\u00e1vno vyhynul\u00fdch bratranc\u016f. Jak v\u00fdzkum pokra\u010duje, m\u016f\u017eeme z\u00edskat hlub\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9 a mnohostrann\u00e9 povahy lidsk\u00e9 evoluce.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jeskynn\u00e9 malby: D\u00edlo neandert\u00e1lsk\u00fdch mistr\u016f? Neandert\u00e1lci a po\u010d\u00e1tky um\u011bn\u00ed Po cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed si lid\u00e9 n\u00e1rokovali titul jedin\u00fdch tv\u016frc\u016f um\u011bn\u00ed. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 archeologick\u00e9 objevy v\u0161ak zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed toto dlouho tradovan\u00e9 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed. Pr\u016fkopnick\u00e1 metoda…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[104,3502,3503,487,1019],"class_list":["post-1602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-art-history","tag-cave-paintings","tag-cognitive-archaeology","tag-human-evolution","tag-neanderthals"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1602","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1602"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1602\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1603,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1602\/revisions\/1603"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1602"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1602"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1602"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}