{"id":16025,"date":"2024-09-25T07:29:50","date_gmt":"2024-09-25T07:29:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16025"},"modified":"2024-09-25T07:29:50","modified_gmt":"2024-09-25T07:29:50","slug":"the-dawn-of-blood-banking-a-medical-revolution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/medical-science\/the-dawn-of-blood-banking-a-medical-revolution\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dasvit krevn\u00edch bank: l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 revoluce"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00dasvit krevn\u00edch bank: l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 revoluce<\/h2>\n\n

Zrod krevn\u00edch bank<\/h2>\n\n

Koncept uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed krve pro transf\u00fazi vznikl v pr\u016fb\u011bhu prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kdy transfuze z \u010dlov\u011bka na \u010dlov\u011bka zachr\u00e1nily bezpo\u010det \u017eivot\u016f. Teprve v roce 1937 v\u0161ak byla zalo\u017eena prvn\u00ed specializovan\u00e1 krevn\u00ed banka, kter\u00e1 zp\u016fsobila revoluci v l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 praxi.<\/p>\n\n

Dr. Bernard Fantus, vizion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 z nemocnice Cook County v Chicagu, otev\u0159el cestu k tomuto pr\u016flomu. Inspirov\u00e1n sov\u011btsk\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem o konzervaci krve Fantus roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il jejich poznatky a dos\u00e1hl pozoruhodn\u00e9ho miln\u00edku: konzervaci krve na rekordn\u00edch 10 dn\u00ed. Tato prodlou\u017een\u00e1 doba pou\u017eitelnosti polo\u017eila z\u00e1klady pro zalo\u017een\u00ed “Laborato\u0159e pro konzervaci krve” v nemocnici Cook County, pozd\u011bji p\u0159ejmenovan\u00e9 na “Krevn\u00ed banka nemocnice Cook County” (Cook County Hospital Blood Bank), aby se zm\u00edrnily obavy.<\/p>\n\n

Vzestup krevn\u00edch bank<\/h2>\n\n

Fantusova inovace vyvolala prudk\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst po\u010dtu krevn\u00edch bank. V roce 1941 bylo v San Francisku otev\u0159eno prvn\u00ed komunitn\u00ed krevn\u00ed centrum, n\u00e1sledovan\u00e9 zalo\u017een\u00edm Americk\u00e9 asociace krevn\u00edch bank (American Association of Blood Banks) v roce 1947. Tyto organizace sehr\u00e1ly kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i standardizaci postup\u016f odb\u011bru, skladov\u00e1n\u00ed a transf\u00faze krve, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zajistily bezpe\u010dnost a \u00fa\u010dinnost transf\u00faz\u00ed krve.<\/p>\n\n

Dopad transf\u00faz\u00ed krve<\/h2>\n\n

Vzhled krevn\u00edch bank umo\u017enil modern\u00ed chirurgii, proto\u017ee chirurgov\u00e9 se nyn\u00ed mohli spolehnout na st\u00e1lou dod\u00e1vku transfuze krve pro zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty krve. P\u0159ed krevn\u00edmi bankami byly operace \u010dasto rizikov\u00e9 a m\u00edra \u00famrtnosti byla vysok\u00e1. Poskytnut\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupu k transf\u00faz\u00edm krve krevn\u00ed banky v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161ily chirurgick\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky a zachr\u00e1nily bezpo\u010det \u017eivot\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

V\u011bda za konzervac\u00ed krve<\/h2>\n\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dem ke z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed krevn\u00edch bank byla schopnost konzervovat krev mimo t\u011blo po del\u0161\u00ed dobu. Fantov\u016fv v\u00fdzkum, zalo\u017een\u00fd na sov\u011btsk\u00fdch poznatc\u00edch, se zam\u011b\u0159il na optimalizaci podm\u00ednek skladov\u00e1n\u00ed a antikoagula\u010dn\u00edch roztok\u016f. Tento pokrok zajistil, \u017ee krev mohla z\u016fstat \u017eivotaschopn\u00e1 pro transf\u00faze po n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed nebo dokonce t\u00fddn\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdzvy v dod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch krve<\/h2>\n\n

Navzdory obrovsk\u00fdm v\u00fdhod\u00e1m krevn\u00edch bank z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00fdzvy v zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 a bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky krve. Z\u00e1vislost na dobrovoln\u00fdch d\u00e1rc\u00edch znamen\u00e1, \u017ee dostupnost krve se m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it, zejm\u00e9na v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed nebo obdob\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 popt\u00e1vky. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci aktivn\u011b zkoumaj\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak syntetizovat krev, ale v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 \u017eivotaschopn\u00e1 alternativa k lidsk\u00fdm dar\u016fm krve.<\/p>\n\n

Bernard Fantus: l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd pr\u016fkopn\u00edk<\/h2>\n\n

D\u011bdictv\u00ed Bernarda Fantause sah\u00e1 daleko za zalo\u017een\u00ed prvn\u00ed krevn\u00ed banky. Byl uzn\u00e1van\u00fdm odborn\u00edkem ve farmacii a pr\u016fkopn\u00edkem v praxi potahov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f cukrem, aby byly pro d\u011bti chutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Prov\u00e1d\u011bl tak\u00e9 v\u00fdzkum senn\u00e9 r\u00fdmy a vedl \u00fasil\u00ed o vym\u00fdcen\u00ed ambr\u00f3zie v Chicagu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e prok\u00e1zal sv\u016fj z\u00e1vazek ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Budoucnost krevn\u00edch bank<\/h2>\n\n

Krevn\u00ed banky se neust\u00e1le vyv\u00edjej\u00ed d\u00edky pokroku v oblasti technologi\u00ed a v\u00fdzkumu. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zkoumaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 metody, jak prodlou\u017eit trvanlivost krve, sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko reakc\u00ed na transf\u00fazi a vyvinout um\u011bl\u00e9 n\u00e1hra\u017eky krve. Tyto inovace slibuj\u00ed, \u017ee d\u00e1le zlep\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost a \u00fa\u010dinnost transf\u00faz\u00ed krve a zp\u016fsob\u00ed revoluci ve zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00dasvit krevn\u00edch bank: l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 revoluce Zrod krevn\u00edch bank Koncept uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed krve pro transf\u00fazi vznikl v pr\u016fb\u011bhu prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kdy transfuze z \u010dlov\u011bka na \u010dlov\u011bka zachr\u00e1nily bezpo\u010det \u017eivot\u016f. Teprve v…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24444,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3029],"tags":[21292,21290,21293,705,21291],"class_list":["post-16025","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medical-science","tag-bernard-fantus","tag-blood-banking","tag-blood-preservation","tag-medical-history","tag-transfusion-medicine"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16025","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16025"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16025\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24445,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16025\/revisions\/24445"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24444"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16025"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16025"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16025"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}