{"id":16043,"date":"2024-05-03T02:04:08","date_gmt":"2024-05-03T02:04:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16043"},"modified":"2024-05-03T02:04:08","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T02:04:08","slug":"growing-human-organs-in-pig-embryos-a-step-towards-reducing-the-organ-transplant-waitlist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/biotechnology\/growing-human-organs-in-pig-embryos-a-step-towards-reducing-the-organ-transplant-waitlist\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f v pras\u00edch embry\u00edch: Krok ke zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010dekac\u00ed listiny na transplantaci org\u00e1n\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed Lidsk\u00fdch Org\u00e1n\u016f v Pras\u00edch Embry\u00edch: Krok ke Zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010cekac\u00ed Listiny na Transplantaci Org\u00e1n\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci u\u010dinili v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pr\u016flom v oblasti transplantac\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm vyp\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00edm \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch ledvin uvnit\u0159 pras\u00edch embry\u00ed. Tento \u00fasp\u011bch je v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm krokem vp\u0159ed ve snaze naj\u00edt nov\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby, jak vytv\u00e1\u0159et \u017eivotaschopn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny pro lidsk\u00e9 transplantace, a \u0159e\u0161it tak kritick\u00fd nedostatek org\u00e1n\u016f dostupn\u00fdch pro pacienty v nouzi.<\/p>\n\n

Etick\u00e9 \u00davahy<\/h2>\n\n

A\u010dkoli tento v\u00fdzkum slibuje velk\u00e9 nad\u011bje, vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 etick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky. P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f ve zv\u00ed\u0159atech by mohlo potenci\u00e1ln\u011b v\u00e9st k etick\u00fdm dilemat\u016fm, pokud by byla zv\u00ed\u0159ata don\u00e1\u0161ena do term\u00ednu a lidsk\u00e9 bu\u0148ky by se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily do jejich mozku nebo rozmno\u017eovac\u00edch bun\u011bk. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed pot\u0159ebu pe\u010dliv\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eit tyto etick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky, jak bude v\u00fdzkum postupovat.<\/p>\n\n

Metoda a V\u00fdsledky<\/h2>\n\n

Aby tohoto miln\u00edku dos\u00e1hli, zam\u011b\u0159ili se v\u011bdci na specifick\u00e9 geny v pras\u00edch embry\u00edch, kter\u00e9 jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za v\u00fdvoj ledvin, a vypnuli je. Pot\u00e9 geneticky modifikovali lidsk\u00e9 kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, aby je u\u010dinili kompatibiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi s pras\u00edmi embryi, a tyto bu\u0148ky do embry\u00ed zavedli.<\/p>\n\n

Po implantaci modifikovan\u00fdch embry\u00ed do n\u00e1hradn\u00edch prasnic v\u011bdci sledovali jejich v\u00fdvoj. Po 25\u201328 dnech embrya odebrali a vy\u0161et\u0159ili vznikl\u00e9 ledviny. Pozoruhodn\u011b zjistili, \u017ee lidsk\u00e9 bu\u0148ky tvo\u0159ily v\u00fdznamnou \u010d\u00e1st ledvin, v rozmez\u00ed od 50 % do 65 %.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdhody a V\u00fdzvy<\/h2>\n\n

Schopnost vytv\u00e1\u0159et lidsk\u00e9 org\u00e1ny v prasatech by mohla m\u00edt z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vliv na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dtu pacient\u016f \u010dekaj\u00edc\u00edch na transplantaci org\u00e1n\u016f. Jen ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech je v sou\u010dasnosti na \u010dekac\u00ed listin\u011b na transplantaci v\u00edce ne\u017e 106 000 lid\u00ed, z nich\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 92 000 \u010dek\u00e1 na ledvinu.<\/p>\n\n

Existuj\u00ed v\u0161ak st\u00e1le v\u00fdzvy, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it. Ledviny vyp\u011bstovan\u00e9 ve studii byly pouze do\u010dasn\u00e9 ledviny, kter\u00e9 se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed v ran\u00fdch st\u00e1di\u00edch embryon\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdvoje. Typ ledvin pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch pro transplantace org\u00e1n\u016f je jin\u00fd a tvo\u0159\u00ed se pozd\u011bji ve v\u00fdvoji. Nav\u00edc se lidsk\u00e9 kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky vyvinuly pouze do omezen\u00e9ho po\u010dtu r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f bun\u011bk, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v lidsk\u00fdch ledvin\u00e1ch. Pln\u011b funk\u010dn\u00ed lidsk\u00fd org\u00e1n by pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vy\u017eadoval v\u0161echny tyto typy bun\u011bk.<\/p>\n\n

Budouc\u00ed Sm\u011bry<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci d\u00e1le zdokonaluj\u00ed sv\u00e9 techniky a \u0159e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzvy spojen\u00e9 s tvorbou org\u00e1n\u016f mezi druhy. Pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed prodlou\u017eit gesta\u010dn\u00ed dobu embry\u00ed, aby umo\u017enili v\u00fdvoj zralej\u0161\u00edch ledvin. Krom\u011b toho zkoumaj\u00ed genetick\u00e9 modifikace, aby zabr\u00e1nili \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch bun\u011bk do dal\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed prasat.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n

\u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 vyp\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch ledvin v pras\u00edch embry\u00edch p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd krok k v\u00fdvoji nov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f org\u00e1n\u016f pro transplantaci. A\u010dkoli je t\u0159eba pe\u010dliv\u011b \u0159e\u0161it etick\u00e9 aspekty, tento v\u00fdzkum slibuje velkou nad\u011bji na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 nedostatkem org\u00e1n\u016f a zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u017eivota nes\u010detn\u00fdch pacient\u016f v nouzi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed Lidsk\u00fdch Org\u00e1n\u016f v Pras\u00edch Embry\u00edch: Krok ke Zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010cekac\u00ed Listiny na Transplantaci Org\u00e1n\u016f \u00davod V\u011bdci u\u010dinili v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pr\u016flom v oblasti transplantac\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm vyp\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00edm \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch ledvin uvnit\u0159 pras\u00edch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1763],"tags":[8024,16182,21317,15425],"class_list":["post-16043","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biotechnology","tag-bioethics","tag-organ-transplantation","tag-stem-cell-research","tag-xenotransplantation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16043","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16043"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16043\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16044,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16043\/revisions\/16044"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16043"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16043"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16043"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}