{"id":16047,"date":"2023-12-06T04:12:52","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T04:12:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16047"},"modified":"2023-12-06T04:12:52","modified_gmt":"2023-12-06T04:12:52","slug":"borneos-orangutan-population-plummets-by-half-in-16-years","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/wildlife\/borneos-orangutan-population-plummets-by-half-in-16-years\/","title":{"rendered":"Populace orangutan\u016f na Borneu klesla o polovinu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Populace orangutan\u016f na Borneu klesla o polovinu za 16 let<\/h2>\n\n

Populace orangutan\u016f na Borneu klesla za posledn\u00edch 16 let t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o 50 %, podle nov\u00e9 studie zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 v \u010dasopise Current Biology<\/em>. Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed studie vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z ter\u00e9nn\u00edch pr\u016fzkum\u016f proveden\u00fdch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm t\u00fdmem ochr\u00e1nc\u016f p\u0159\u00edrody.<\/p>\n\n

Odholes\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a lov p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed hlavn\u00ed hrozby<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee prim\u00e1rn\u00edmi faktory \u00fabytku populace orangutan\u016f jsou odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a lov. Mezi lety 1999 a 2015 se po\u010det orangutan\u016f v oblastech posti\u017een\u00fdch odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm sn\u00ed\u017eil a\u017e o 75 %. V oblastech s hust\u00fdm lesn\u00edm porostem klesaly po\u010dty rychlost\u00ed bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se 50 %.<\/p>\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm ohro\u017een\u00edm populace je zab\u00edjen\u00ed orangutan\u016f. Na Borneu se akty n\u00e1sil\u00ed v\u016f\u010di orangutan\u016fm st\u00e1vaj\u00ed st\u00e1le b\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Lovci zab\u00edjej\u00ed orangutany z d\u016fvodu pou\u017eit\u00ed jako potravy nebo proto, \u017ee je vn\u00edmaj\u00ed jako vet\u0159elce na sv\u00fdch plant\u00e1\u017e\u00edch \u010di zahrad\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n

Zab\u00edjen\u00ed orangutan\u016f m\u016f\u017ee populaci vyhubit<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee populace orangutan\u016f na Borneu ztrat\u00ed v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch 35 letech dal\u0161\u00edch 45 300 jedinc\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b sou\u010dasn\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed zm\u011bny lesn\u00edho pokryvu. Toto \u010d\u00edslo je v\u0161ak pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b podhodnocen\u00e9, proto\u017ee nezohled\u0148uje dopad pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho zab\u00edjen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Maria Voigtov\u00e1 z Institutu Maxe Plancka pro evolu\u010dn\u00ed antropologii, jedna ze spoluautorek studie, varuje, \u017ee pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed zab\u00edjen\u00ed \u201eby ji\u017e mohlo sta\u010dit k tomu, aby populaci dlouhodob\u011b vyhubilo\u201c.<\/p>\n\n

Lov lze zastavit, ale ztr\u00e1ta p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed je trval\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n

Serge Wich, dal\u0161\u00ed spoluautor studie, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee pokles populace \u201eje z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti zp\u016fsoben lovem\u201c. V\u011b\u0159\u00ed v\u0161ak, \u017ee pokud bude mo\u017en\u00e9 lov zastavit, populace orangutan\u016f by se \u010dasem mohla vzpamatovat.<\/p>\n\n

\u201eJakmile ztrat\u00edte p\u0159irozen\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, je pry\u010d nav\u017edy, ale lesy je\u0161t\u011b po\u0159\u00e1d stoj\u00ed,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Wich. \u201ePokud dok\u00e1\u017eeme zastavit lov a zab\u00edjen\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eeme tento trend zvr\u00e1tit.\u201c<\/p>\n\n

Orangutani: Kriticky ohro\u017een\u00fd druh<\/h2>\n\n

Bornejsk\u00fd orangutan je kriticky ohro\u017een\u00e1 velk\u00e1 opice. Je to celosv\u011btov\u011b nejpo\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed druh orangutana, ale jeho po\u010det rychle kles\u00e1. Orangutan je zn\u00e1m\u00fd sv\u00fdm stromov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem \u017eivota, charakteristickou oran\u017eovo-\u010dervenou srst\u00ed a \u00fazk\u00fdm genetick\u00fdm vztahem k lidem (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 97 procent sd\u00edlen\u00e9 DNA).<\/p>\n\n

Orangutani hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v ekosyst\u00e9mu de\u0161tn\u00e9ho pralesa. Rozptyluj\u00ed semena, co\u017e pom\u00e1h\u00e1 s obnovou lesa. Vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed tak\u00e9 hn\u00edzdn\u00ed plo\u0161iny, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jin\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata.<\/p>\n\n

Pot\u0159eba ochrany<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed k okam\u017eit\u00e9 akci na ochranu orangutan\u016f a jejich p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Doporu\u010duj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161it vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1va za \u00fa\u010delem zastaven\u00ed lovu a odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a zvy\u0161ovat pov\u011bdom\u00ed o d\u016fle\u017eitosti orangutan\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

\u201eOrangutani jsou ikonick\u00fd druh, kter\u00fdmu hroz\u00ed vyhynut\u00ed,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Wich. \u201eMus\u00edme jednat nyn\u00ed, abychom je zachr\u00e1nili.\u201c<\/p>\n\n

Dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed informace<\/h2>\n\n
    \n
  • Studie byla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna v \u010dasopise Current Biology<\/em> ve \u010dtvrtek 8. srpna 2019.<\/li>\n
  • V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm zahrnoval v\u011bdce z Institutu Maxe Plancka pro evolu\u010dn\u00ed antropologii, Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen a University of Oxford.<\/li>\n
  • Studie byla financov\u00e1na spole\u010dnost\u00ed National Geographic Society a Nadac\u00ed Arcus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Populace orangutan\u016f na Borneu klesla o polovinu za 16 let Populace orangutan\u016f na Borneu klesla za posledn\u00edch 16 let t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o 50 %, podle nov\u00e9 studie zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 v \u010dasopise Current…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[949],"tags":[15539,4431,2218,401,876,404,4556],"class_list":["post-16047","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-wildlife","tag-borneo","tag-rainforest","tag-hunting","tag-conservation","tag-deforestation","tag-endangered-species","tag-orangutan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16047","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16047"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16047\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16048,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16047\/revisions\/16048"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16047"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16047"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16047"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}