{"id":16134,"date":"2020-11-09T09:55:43","date_gmt":"2020-11-09T09:55:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16134"},"modified":"2020-11-09T09:55:43","modified_gmt":"2020-11-09T09:55:43","slug":"ancient-caffeine-trade-routes-uncovered-in-pottery-shards","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/archaeology\/ancient-caffeine-trade-routes-uncovered-in-pottery-shards\/","title":{"rendered":"Prvn\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 cestovali daleko a \u0161iroko za sv\u00fdm kofeinov\u00fdm ritu\u00e1lem"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ran\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 cestovali daleko \u0161iroko, aby uspokojili svou z\u00e1vislost na kofeinu<\/h2>\n\n

Archeologick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy odhaluj\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed cesty s kofeinem<\/h2>\n\n

Nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum odhalil zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o konzumaci kofeinu mezi domorod\u00fdmi Ameri\u010dany na jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 1 000 lety. Anal\u00fdza st\u0159ep\u016f keramiky z archeologick\u00fdch nalezi\u0161\u0165 v cel\u00e9m regionu odhalila stopy kofeinu, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee lid\u00e9 podnikali velk\u00e9 cesty, aby z\u00edskali svou d\u00e1vku kofeinu, dokonce i v oblastech, kde nebyl snadno dostupn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n

Studie: Odhalen\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00fdch ko\u0159en\u016f kofeinu<\/h2>\n\n

Studie veden\u00e1 archeolo\u017ekou Patrici\u00ed Crownovou zkoumala zbytky kofeinu na keramice z\u00edskan\u00e9 ze 177 archeologick\u00fdch nalezi\u0161\u0165 na jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b USA a v severn\u00edm Mexiku. Pomoc\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00fdch technik v\u011bdci pe\u010dliv\u011b odstranili mal\u00e9 kousky st\u0159ep\u016f a rozemleli je na pr\u00e1\u0161ek. Pot\u00e9 pou\u017eili kapalinovou chromatografii-hmotnostn\u00ed spektrometrii k detekci p\u0159\u00edtomnosti kofeinu a zajistili p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 protokoly, aby zabr\u00e1nili kontaminaci.<\/p>\n\n

Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed: Po\u017eitky z \u010dokol\u00e1dy a \u010dern\u00e9ho n\u00e1poje<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdsledky byly ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed: 40 vzork\u016f odhalilo stopy kofeinu. Tyto stopy poukazuj\u00ed na konzumaci \u010dokol\u00e1dov\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f na b\u00e1zi kakaa a n\u00e1poje z cesm\u00edny zvan\u00e9ho “\u010dern\u00fd n\u00e1poj”, kter\u00e9 oba nejsou p\u016fvodem z jihoz\u00e1padu USA. To nazna\u010duje rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed cesty se vzd\u00e1len\u00fdmi regiony, v\u010detn\u011b jihov\u00fdchodn\u00edch Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, Mexika a Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky.<\/p>\n\n

Antropologick\u00e9 poznatky: Obchod a ritu\u00e1ly<\/h2>\n\n

Antropolo\u017eka Janine Gasco zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam t\u011bchto n\u00e1lez\u016f a uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee “je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce podporuj\u00ed argument, \u017ee zde prob\u00edhal \u010dil\u00fd obchod.” P\u0159\u00edtomnost kofeinu v r\u016fzn\u00fdch typech keramiky nazna\u010duje rozmanit\u00e9 metody p\u0159\u00edpravy a konzumace, co\u017e nazna\u010duje jak individu\u00e1ln\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed, tak spole\u010dn\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n\n

\u00daloha kofeinu ve starov\u011bk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti<\/h2>\n\n

Na rozd\u00edl od dne\u0161n\u00ed konzumace k\u00e1vy slou\u017eil kofein ve starov\u011bku pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jin\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010delu. Crown a jej\u00ed t\u00fdm navrhuj\u00ed, \u017ee pot\u0159eba kofeinu motivovala lidi k cestov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed za n\u00edm, co\u017e potenci\u00e1ln\u011b podporovalo nov\u00e9 vztahy a stimulovalo politick\u00e1 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Obchodn\u00ed cesty: Propojen\u00ed vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch zem\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Objev stop kofeinu v keramice poskytuje cenn\u00e9 poznatky o rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, kter\u00e9 existovaly ve starov\u011bk\u00e9 Mezoamerice. Kakaov\u00e9 boby, poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ze St\u0159edn\u00ed a Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky, a cesm\u00edny, nalezen\u00e9 v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00edch Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, byly p\u0159epravov\u00e1ny na jihoz\u00e1pad, co\u017e nazna\u010duje d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed cesty, kter\u00e9 usnad\u0148ovaly v\u00fdm\u011bnu zbo\u017e\u00ed a my\u0161lenek.<\/p>\n\n

Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdznam: Kofein v ob\u0159adech<\/h2>\n\n

Archeologick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee konzumace kofeinu mohla b\u00fdt vyhrazena pro zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti. P\u0159\u00edtomnost stop kofeinu na keramice pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 p\u0159i politick\u00fdch shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edch a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lech nazna\u010duje jej\u00ed ob\u0159adn\u00ed v\u00fdznam. Stimula\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky kofeinu mohly hr\u00e1t roli p\u0159i vylep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

R\u016fzn\u00e9 typy keramiky: Odraz pou\u017eit\u00ed kofeinu<\/h2>\n\n

R\u016fznorodost typ\u016f keramiky, ve kter\u00e9 byl kofein nalezen, nazna\u010duje r\u016fzn\u00e9 metody p\u0159\u00edpravy a konzumace. N\u011bkter\u00e1 keramika nazna\u010duje individu\u00e1ln\u00ed konzumaci, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e1 poukazuje na spole\u010dn\u00e9 pit\u00ed pomoc\u00ed br\u010dek, nab\u011bra\u010dek nebo men\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1dob. Tato rozmanitost odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed mnohostrannou roli kofeinu ve starov\u011bk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti na jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b USA.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n

Objev stop kofeinu v keramick\u00fdch st\u0159epech z jihoz\u00e1padu USA vrh\u00e1 sv\u011btlo na pozoruhodn\u00e9 d\u00e9lky, do kter\u00fdch za\u0161li sta\u0159\u00ed domorod\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9, aby z\u00edskali svou d\u00e1vku kofeinu. Studie odhaluje rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed cesty, r\u016fzn\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby konzumace a potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdznam kofeinu ve starov\u011bk\u00e9 mezoamerick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ran\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 cestovali daleko \u0161iroko, aby uspokojili svou z\u00e1vislost na kofeinu Archeologick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy odhaluj\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed cesty s kofeinem Nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum odhalil zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o konzumaci kofeinu mezi domorod\u00fdmi Ameri\u010dany…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[7193,132,88,3616,316,1770,4952,21408],"class_list":["post-16134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-pottery-analysis","tag-anthropology","tag-archaeology","tag-caffeine","tag-native-americans","tag-cultural-history","tag-mesoamerica","tag-trade-routes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16134","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16134"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16134\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16135,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16134\/revisions\/16135"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16134"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16134"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16134"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}