{"id":16145,"date":"2023-06-13T04:49:31","date_gmt":"2023-06-13T04:49:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16145"},"modified":"2023-06-13T04:49:31","modified_gmt":"2023-06-13T04:49:31","slug":"plastic-bag-fees-a-psychological-nudge-to-reduce-waste","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/environmental-science\/plastic-bag-fees-a-psychological-nudge-to-reduce-waste\/","title":{"rendered":"Poplatky za igelitov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky: Psychologick\u00fd podn\u011bt ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed odpadu"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Poplatky za igelitov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky: Psychologick\u00fd podn\u011bt ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed odpadu<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Probl\u00e9m igelitov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek<\/h3>\n\n<p>Igelitov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd environment\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9m. Nejsou biologicky rozlo\u017eiteln\u00e9 a jejich rozklad m\u016f\u017ee trvat stovky let. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee kon\u010d\u00ed na skl\u00e1dk\u00e1ch a v oce\u00e1nech, kde mohou \u0161kodit divok\u00e9 zv\u011b\u0159i a zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovat \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p>V posledn\u00edch letech s\u00edl\u00ed hnut\u00ed za sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed igelitov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek. Mnoho zem\u00ed a st\u00e1t\u016f zakazuje nebo zda\u0148uje igelitov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky a n\u011bkter\u00e9 podniky p\u0159estaly je z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm poskytovat.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Efektivita poplatk\u016f za igelitov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky<\/h3>\n\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak sn\u00ed\u017eit pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed igelitov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek, je \u00fa\u010dtovat za n\u011b poplatek. Studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee poplatky za ta\u0161ky mohou sn\u00ed\u017eit jejich pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e o 80 %.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie v Buenos Aires zjistila, \u017ee v obchodech s potravinami, kter\u00e9 za ta\u0161ky \u00fa\u010dtovaly poplatek, byla spot\u0159eba ta\u0161ek v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v obchodech, kter\u00e9 za ta\u0161ky poplatek ne\u00fa\u010dtovaly. Studie tak\u00e9 zjistila, \u017ee lid\u00e9, kter\u00fdm byl za ta\u0161ky \u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n poplatek, \u010dast\u011bji p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161eli vlastn\u00ed opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 ta\u0161ky nebo si sv\u00e9 potraviny odn\u00e1\u0161eli bez ta\u0161ky.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pro\u010d poplatky za ta\u0161ky funguj\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n<p>Poplatky za ta\u0161ky funguj\u00ed, proto\u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed psychologickou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku. Kdy\u017e lid\u00e9 mus\u00ed za ta\u0161ku zaplatit, s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed se zastav\u00ed a zamysl\u00ed se nad t\u00edm, zda ji opravdu pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed. To je m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p>Poplatky za ta\u0161ky nav\u00edc mohou pomoci zv\u00fd\u0161it pov\u011bdom\u00ed o ekologick\u00e9m probl\u00e9mu igelitov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek. Kdy\u017e lid\u00e9 mus\u00ed za ta\u0161ku zaplatit, s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed si uv\u011bdom\u00ed, kolik ta\u0161ek pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed a kolik je to stoj\u00ed. To je m\u016f\u017ee motivovat ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed spot\u0159eby igelitov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdhody poplatk\u016f za ta\u0161ky<\/h3>\n\n<p>Poplatky za ta\u0161ky maj\u00ed \u0159adu v\u00fdhod, mimo jin\u00e9:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sni\u017euj\u00ed odpad z igelitov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek<\/li>\n<li>Zvy\u0161uj\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed o ekologick\u00e9m probl\u00e9mu igelitov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek<\/li>\n<li>Podporuj\u00ed lidi k tomu, aby si nosili vlastn\u00ed opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 ta\u0161ky<\/li>\n<li>Generuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy pro m\u00edstn\u00ed samospr\u00e1vy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak zav\u00e9st poplatky za ta\u0161ky<\/h3>\n\n<p>Pokud uva\u017eujete o zaveden\u00ed poplatku za ta\u0161ky ve sv\u00e9 komunit\u011b, je t\u0159eba m\u00edt na pam\u011bti n\u011bkolik v\u011bc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Za\u010dn\u011bte pomalu. M\u016f\u017eete za\u010d\u00edt \u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00edm mal\u00e9ho poplatku za ta\u0161ky a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby poplatek postupn\u011b zvy\u0161ovat.<\/li>\n<li>Ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee poplatek je dostate\u010dn\u011b vysok\u00fd, aby byl \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd. Poplatek ve v\u00fd\u0161i 5 cent\u016f nebo m\u00e9n\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nebude m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159ed zaveden\u00edm poplatku poskytn\u011bte dostate\u010dn\u00e9 ozn\u00e1men\u00ed. To d\u00e1 lidem \u010das se p\u0159izp\u016fsobit a za\u010d\u00edt si nosit vlastn\u00ed opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 ta\u0161ky.<\/li>\n<li>Usnadn\u011bte lidem, aby si p\u0159inesli sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed ta\u0161ky. Um\u00edst\u011bte na pokladn\u00ed pulty stojany nebo h\u00e1\u010dky na ta\u0161ky a ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee je k dispozici dostatek opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00fdch ta\u0161ek.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h3>\n\n<p>Poplatky za igelitov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky jsou \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak sn\u00ed\u017eit odpad z igelitov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek a podpo\u0159it ekologick\u00e9 pov\u011bdom\u00ed. \u00da\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00edm mal\u00e9ho poplatku za ta\u0161ky m\u016f\u017eete podpo\u0159it lidi k udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm volb\u00e1m a pomoci chr\u00e1nit \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Poplatky za igelitov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky: Psychologick\u00fd podn\u011bt ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed odpadu Probl\u00e9m igelitov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek Igelitov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd environment\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9m. Nejsou biologicky rozlo\u017eiteln\u00e9 a jejich rozklad m\u016f\u017ee trvat stovky let. To znamen\u00e1,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[19943,877,21423,20834,120],"class_list":["post-16145","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-environmental-science","tag-behavioral-economics","tag-environmental-protection","tag-plastic-bag-fees","tag-plastic-waste-reduction","tag-sustainability"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16145","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16145"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16145\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16146,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16145\/revisions\/16146"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16145"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16145"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16145"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}