V pr\u016flomov\u00e9 studii zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 v \u010dasopise Science zdokumentovali v\u011bdci v\u016fbec poprv\u00e9 menopauzu u voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch samic \u0161impanz\u016f. Menopauza, p\u0159irozen\u00fd konec menstrua\u010dn\u00edch cykl\u016f, byla d\u0159\u00edve zn\u00e1ma pouze u lid\u00ed a n\u011bkolika druh\u016f ozuben\u00fdch velryb.<\/p>\n\n
Studie sledovala 185 samic \u0161impanz\u016f v ugandsk\u00e9m n\u00e1rodn\u00edm parku Kibale po dobu 21 let. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zjistili, \u017ee plodnost klesala pot\u00e9, co zv\u00ed\u0159ata dos\u00e1hla v\u011bku 30 let, a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z nich nerodilo po dosa\u017een\u00ed v\u011bku 50 let.<\/p>\n\n
Hladiny hormon\u016f se tak\u00e9 zm\u011bnily u postmenopauz\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0161impanz\u016f, co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017eelo zm\u011bny pozorovan\u00e9 u lid\u00ed. Hladiny folikuly stimuluj\u00edc\u00edho hormonu a luteiniza\u010dn\u00edho hormonu se zv\u00fd\u0161ily, zat\u00edmco hladiny estrogen\u016f a progestin\u016f se sn\u00ed\u017eily. Tyto hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee menopauza ukon\u010duje reprodukci u \u0161impanz\u016f p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b ve v\u011bku 50 let.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci spekuluj\u00ed, \u017ee menopauza m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt specifick\u00e1 pro \u0161impanze Ngogo, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed d\u00e9le kv\u016fli nedostatku pred\u00e1tor\u016f a velk\u00e9mu mno\u017estv\u00ed dostupn\u00e9 potravy. \u0160impanzi Ngogo byli tak\u00e9 studov\u00e1ni mnohem d\u016fkladn\u011bji ne\u017e jin\u00e9 skupiny.<\/p>\n\n
Alternativn\u011b mohla b\u00fdt menopauza u \u0161impanz\u016f b\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e lidsk\u00e9 vlivy, jako je t\u011b\u017eba d\u0159eva a zavle\u010den\u00e9 nemoci, za\u010daly ovliv\u0148ovat \u00famrtnost zv\u00ed\u0159at.<\/p>\n\n
Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed \u201ebabi\u010dkovskou hypot\u00e9zu\u201c, kter\u00e1 nazna\u010duje, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed d\u00e9le ne\u017e jejich reproduk\u010dn\u00ed roky, aby pomohli vychovat potomky sv\u00fdch potomk\u016f. U \u0161impanz\u016f to nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9, proto\u017ee ne\u017eij\u00ed se sv\u00fdmi dcerami.<\/p>\n\n
M\u00edsto toho v\u011bdci navrhuj\u00ed, \u017ee star\u0161\u00ed samice mohou p\u0159estat reprodukovat, aby zabr\u00e1nily tomu, aby konkurovaly mlad\u0161\u00edm samic\u00edm o \u0161ance na rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tato \u201ehypot\u00e9za p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e9 konkurence\u201c nazna\u010duje, \u017ee menopauza se vyvinula ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed konkurence uvnit\u0159 skupiny.<\/p>\n\n
Studie nazna\u010duje, \u017ee posledn\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159edek \u010dlov\u011bka a \u0161impanze mohl proj\u00edt menopauzou. Aby v\u011bdci l\u00e9pe pochopili, jak se menopauza vyvinula, mohli by zkoumat, jak je b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 v r\u016fzn\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch \u0161impanz\u016f, a tak\u00e9 zda bonobov\u00e9 \u2013 druh, kter\u00fd je spolu se \u0161impanzy na\u0161\u00edm nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm \u017eij\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm \u2013 tak\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed dlouho pot\u00e9, co p\u0159estanou reprodukovat.<\/p>\n\n
Objev menopauzy u voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch \u0161impanz\u016f poskytuje nov\u00e9 poznatky o v\u00fdvoji tohoto jevu a jeho potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed roli p\u0159i utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch a reproduk\u010dn\u00edch strategi\u00ed u prim\u00e1t\u016f. Zd\u016fraz\u0148uje tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznam dlouhodob\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu pro pochopen\u00ed slo\u017eitosti chov\u00e1n\u00ed a fyziologie zv\u00ed\u0159at.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Menopauza u voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch \u0161impanz\u016f: nov\u00fd objev Hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny a reproduk\u010dn\u00ed pokles V pr\u016flomov\u00e9 studii zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 v \u010dasopise Science zdokumentovali v\u011bdci v\u016fbec poprv\u00e9 menopauzu u voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch samic \u0161impanz\u016f. Menopauza,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21407],"tags":[309,136,16088,1591,1038],"class_list":["post-16154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-animal-biology","tag-animal-behavior","tag-evolution","tag-menopause","tag-primatology","tag-chimpanzees"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16154","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16154"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16154\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16155,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16154\/revisions\/16155"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16154"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16154"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16154"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}