{"id":16201,"date":"2024-02-06T22:44:40","date_gmt":"2024-02-06T22:44:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16201"},"modified":"2024-02-06T22:44:40","modified_gmt":"2024-02-06T22:44:40","slug":"the-elusive-musk-strawberry-a-horticulturists-quest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/horticulture\/the-elusive-musk-strawberry-a-horticulturists-quest\/","title":{"rendered":"Neuchopiteln\u00e1 pi\u017emov\u00e1 jahoda: P\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed zahradn\u00edka po ztracen\u00e9 chuti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Neuchopiteln\u00e1 pi\u017emov\u00e1 jahoda: P\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed zahradn\u00edka<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159\u00edslib ztracen\u00e9 chuti<\/h2>\n\n

Ve sv\u011bt\u011b zahradnictv\u00ed se Harry Jan Swartz, oddan\u00fd profesor na University of Maryland, pustil do ambici\u00f3zn\u00edho posl\u00e1n\u00ed: vzk\u0159\u00edsit neuchopitelnou chu\u0165 pi\u017emov\u00e9 jahody, ovoce milovan\u00e9 Jane Austenovou a jej\u00edmi sou\u010dasn\u00edky.<\/p>\n\n

Historick\u00e1 pochoutka<\/h2>\n\n

Pi\u017emov\u00e1 jahoda, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako Fragaria moschata, se kdysi hojn\u011b p\u011bstovala v Evrop\u011b od 16. do poloviny 19. stolet\u00ed. Cen\u011bna pro svou intenzivn\u00ed v\u016fni a jedine\u010dnou chu\u0165, b\u00fdvala \u010dasto zmi\u0148ov\u00e1na v literatu\u0159e, v\u010detn\u011b rom\u00e1nu Jane Austenov\u00e9 “Emma”, kde byla pops\u00e1na jako “nekone\u010dn\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed” ne\u017e jin\u00e9 odr\u016fdy.<\/p>\n\n

P\u011bstitelsk\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky<\/h2>\n\n

Navzdory sv\u00e9 popularit\u011b \u010delila pi\u017emov\u00e1 jahoda v\u00fdzv\u00e1m v komer\u010dn\u00edm p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 n\u00edzk\u00e9 \u00farodnosti a n\u00e1chylnosti ke \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm a chorob\u00e1m. Nav\u00edc jej\u00ed neobvykl\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na opylov\u00e1n\u00ed a genetick\u00e1 skladba zt\u011b\u017eovaly jej\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed s modern\u00edmi odr\u016fdami jahod.<\/p>\n\n

Swartz\u016fv \u00fakol<\/h2>\n\n

Nedot\u010den t\u011bmito p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekami zah\u00e1jil Swartz v roce 1998 soukrom\u00fd \u0161lechtitelsk\u00fd program s c\u00edlem vytvo\u0159it hybrid pi\u017emov\u00e9 jahody, kter\u00fd by kombinoval po\u017eadovanou chu\u0165 s pevnost\u00ed a v\u00fdnosem modern\u00edch odr\u016fd.<\/p>\n\n

\u0160lechtitelsk\u00e9 strategie<\/h2>\n\n

Swartzovy \u0161lechtitelsk\u00e9 strategie zahrnovaly k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pi\u017emov\u00fdch jahod s divok\u00fdmi a alp\u00ednsk\u00fdmi druhy jahod, pou\u017eit\u00ed kolchicinu ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed po\u010dtu chromozom\u016f v hybridech a v\u00fdb\u011br rostlin s \u017e\u00e1douc\u00edmi vlastnostmi. V\u011bdom\u011b si vyb\u00edral n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 p\u011bstitelsk\u00e1 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, aby otestoval odolnost sv\u00fdch hybrid\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdzvy \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00ed pi\u017emov\u00e9 jahody<\/h2>\n\n

Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed velikosti a pevnosti hybrid\u016f pi\u017emov\u00e9 jahody p\u0159i zachov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich chuti je delik\u00e1tn\u00ed rovnov\u00e1ha. Rostliny jahod produkuj\u00ed omezen\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed fotosyntetick\u00fdch produkt\u016f, kter\u00e9 rozd\u011bluj\u00ed na v\u00fdnos, pevnost nebo sladkost. Swartz se sna\u017eil optimalizovat v\u0161echny t\u0159i vlastnosti, co\u017e je vz\u00e1cn\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch ve \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00ed jahod.<\/p>\n\n

Desetilet\u00ed pokus\u016f a omyl\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

B\u011bhem v\u00edce ne\u017e deseti let usilovn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce ochutnal Swartz p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 100 000 bobul\u00ed, mnoho z nich nechutn\u00fdch, p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed dokonal\u00e9 kombinace vlastnost\u00ed. Pe\u010dliv\u011b vyb\u00edral semena z nejslibn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch plod\u016f a p\u011bstoval je do nov\u00fdch generac\u00ed hybrid\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Okam\u017eik triumfu<\/h2>\n\n

Po sedmi letech ne\u00fanavn\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed Swartz kone\u010dn\u011b dos\u00e1hl pr\u016flomu. Objevil st\u0159edn\u011b velkou, ku\u017eelovitou bobuli s intenzivn\u00ed v\u016fn\u00ed a chut\u00ed pi\u017emov\u00e9 jahody. Tento objev p\u0159edstavoval v\u00fdznamn\u00fd miln\u00edk v jeho p\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed pokrok<\/h2>\n\n

Swartzova pr\u00e1ce pokra\u010dovala dal\u0161\u00edmi k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00edmi a zdokonalen\u00edmi. Identifikoval t\u0159i pi\u017emov\u00e9 hybridy s v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi a za\u010dal je rozmno\u017eovat pro komer\u010dn\u00ed uveden\u00ed na trh. Je optimistick\u00fd ohledn\u011b v\u00fdvoje pi\u017emov\u00e9ho hybridu s komer\u010dn\u011b \u017eivotaschopn\u00fdm v\u00fdnosem, velikost\u00ed a trvanlivost\u00ed v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch n\u011bkolika letech.<\/p>\n\n

Budoucnost pi\u017emov\u00fdch jahod<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee Swartz\u016fv kone\u010dn\u00fd c\u00edl je p\u0159iv\u00e9st pi\u017emovou jahodu zp\u011bt do pop\u0159ed\u00ed trhu s ovocem, uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdzvy spojen\u00e9 se zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm nov\u00fdch odr\u016fd spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm zvykl\u00fdm na f\u00e1dn\u00ed chu\u0165 modern\u00edch jahod. P\u0159esto ho jeho v\u00e1\u0161e\u0148 pro pi\u017emovou jahodu a jeho neochv\u011bjn\u00e1 oddanost jeho \u0159emeslu nad\u00e1le \u017eenou kup\u0159edu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Neuchopiteln\u00e1 pi\u017emov\u00e1 jahoda: P\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed zahradn\u00edka P\u0159\u00edslib ztracen\u00e9 chuti Ve sv\u011bt\u011b zahradnictv\u00ed se Harry Jan Swartz, oddan\u00fd profesor na University of Maryland, pustil do ambici\u00f3zn\u00edho posl\u00e1n\u00ed: vzk\u0159\u00edsit neuchopitelnou chu\u0165 pi\u017emov\u00e9 jahody,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10449],"tags":[2748,21483,21484,21485,344,15706],"class_list":["post-16201","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-horticulture","tag-genetic-diversity","tag-musk-strawberry","tag-strawberry-breeding","tag-flavor-exploration","tag-horticulture","tag-lost-flavors"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16201","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16201"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16201\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16202,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16201\/revisions\/16202"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16201"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16201"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16201"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}