{"id":16220,"date":"2022-02-16T14:21:51","date_gmt":"2022-02-16T14:21:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16220"},"modified":"2022-02-16T14:21:51","modified_gmt":"2022-02-16T14:21:51","slug":"the-enigmatic-voynich-manuscript-a-centuries-old-mystery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/history-of-science\/the-enigmatic-voynich-manuscript-a-centuries-old-mystery\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1hadn\u00fd rukopis Voynich: Stalet\u00ed star\u00e9 tajemstv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1hadn\u00fd rukopis Voynich: Stalet\u00ed star\u00e9 tajemstv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Rukopis Voynich, z\u00e1hadn\u00fd st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd text, po stalet\u00ed uchvacuje u\u010dence, kryptology a amat\u00e9rsk\u00e9 detektivy. Rukopis je ps\u00e1n v nezn\u00e1m\u00e9m jazyce a jeho obsah z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 l\u00e1kavou h\u00e1dankou.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u016fvod a ran\u00e1 historie rukopisu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Rukopis Voynich se poprv\u00e9 objevil v historick\u00fdch z\u00e1znamech na konci 16. stolet\u00ed, kdy jej zakoupil Rudolf II. Habsbursk\u00fd za 600 zlat\u00fdch duk\u00e1t\u016f. V\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee je d\u00edlem anglick\u00e9ho v\u011bdce Rogera Bacona ze 13. stolet\u00ed. Av\u0161ak radiokarbonov\u00e1 datace v roce 2009 odhalila, \u017ee pergamen pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b poch\u00e1z\u00ed z 15. stolet\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e byl Bacon jako autor vylou\u010den.<\/p>\n\n<p>Rukopis se pot\u00e9 dostal do rukou Georga Barschia, alchymisty z Prahy, kter\u00fd jej ozna\u010dil jako &#8220;h\u00e1danku Sfingy&#8221;. Pozd\u011bji jej zd\u011bdil Johannes Marcus Marci, kter\u00fd ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b vyhledal pomoc egyptsk\u00e9ho experta na hieroglyfy v \u0158\u00edm\u011b.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ran\u00e9 pokusy o rozlu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>V pr\u016fb\u011bhu stalet\u00ed se n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00fdch kryptolog\u016f pokusili rozlu\u0161tit rukopis Voynich. William Friedman, kter\u00fd b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky rozlu\u0161til japonsk\u00fd k\u00f3d, str\u00e1vil roky t\u00edmto probl\u00e9mem, ale nakonec dosp\u011bl k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o um\u011bl\u00fd jazyk.<\/p>\n\n<p>V roce 2014 brazilsk\u00fd v\u011bdci pomoc\u00ed komplexn\u00edho s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho modelov\u00e1n\u00ed uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee text vykazuje jazykov\u00e9 vzorce podobn\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00fdm jazyk\u016fm. Knihu v\u0161ak nebyli schopni p\u0159elo\u017eit.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1hadn\u00fd obsah<\/h2>\n\n<p>Rukopis Voynich je rozd\u011blen do \u010dty\u0159 odli\u0161n\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bylinn\u00e1 sekce:<\/strong> Obsahuje \u017eiv\u00e9 kresby rostlin, jejich\u017e p\u0159esn\u00e1 povaha v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nezn\u00e1m\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Astrologick\u00e1 sekce:<\/strong> Zahrnuje rozkl\u00e1dac\u00ed kresby nebesk\u00fdch map, kter\u00e9 neodpov\u00eddaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu zn\u00e1m\u00e9mu kalend\u00e1\u0159i. Mapy jsou zdobeny nah\u00fdmi \u017eenami.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Balneologick\u00e1 sekce:<\/strong> Zobrazuje nah\u00e9 \u017eeny p\u0159i koupeli, kter\u00e9 jsou poh\u00e1n\u011bny proudy vody a nesou duhy. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed u\u010denci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee jedna ilustrace ukazuje \u017eeny zav\u011b\u0161en\u00e9 na vaje\u010dn\u00edc\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Farmakologick\u00e1 sekce:<\/strong> Obsahuje dal\u0161\u00ed kresby rostlin n\u00e1sledovan\u00e9 str\u00e1nkami textu v nezn\u00e1m\u00e9m voynichsk\u00e9m jazyce.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Teorie a spekulace<\/h2>\n\n<p>Rukopis Voynich byl p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n r\u016fzn\u00fdm autor\u016fm, v\u010detn\u011b starov\u011bk\u00fdch mexick\u00fdch kultur, Leonarda da Vinciho a dokonce mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 teorie nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed encyklopedii, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o propracovan\u00fd podvrh.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Online p\u0159\u00edstupnost<\/h2>\n\n<p>Rukopis Voynich je nyn\u00ed ulo\u017een v Beinecke Rare Book &amp; Manuscript Library na Yaleov\u011b univerzit\u011b. Kompletn\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed kopie je k dispozici online pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed se cht\u011bj\u00ed pono\u0159it do jeho z\u00e1hadn\u00fdch hlubin.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zapojen\u00ed Williama Shatnera<\/h2>\n\n<p>V nezapomenuteln\u00e9 epizod\u011b televizn\u00edho seri\u00e1lu &#8220;Weird or What?&#8221; poskytl William Shatner dramatick\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed pro segment o rukopisu Voynich a p\u0159isp\u011bl tak k jeho mystice a popularit\u011b.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed h\u00e1danka<\/h2>\n\n<p>Navzdory stalet\u00edm studia a spekulac\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 rukopis Voynich nevy\u0159e\u0161enou z\u00e1hadou. Jeho skute\u010dn\u00fd autor, v\u00fdznam jeho textu a \u00fa\u010del jeho vzniku st\u00e1le unikaj\u00ed u\u010denc\u016fm. Je to sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o trval\u00e9 s\u00edle lidsk\u00e9 zv\u011bdavosti a p\u0159ita\u017elivosti nezn\u00e1ma.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Z\u00e1hadn\u00fd rukopis Voynich: Stalet\u00ed star\u00e9 tajemstv\u00ed Rukopis Voynich, z\u00e1hadn\u00fd st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd text, po stalet\u00ed uchvacuje u\u010dence, kryptology a amat\u00e9rsk\u00e9 detektivy. Rukopis je ps\u00e1n v nezn\u00e1m\u00e9m jazyce a jeho obsah z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 l\u00e1kavou&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[27,21517,57,21516,19899,319],"class_list":["post-16220","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history-of-science","tag-history","tag-intrigue","tag-codebreaking","tag-medieval-text","tag-voynich-manuscript","tag-mystery"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16220","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16220"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16220\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16221,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16220\/revisions\/16221"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16220"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16220"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16220"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}