Starov\u011bk\u00e9 civilizace po\u010d\u00ednaje Mezopot\u00e1mi\u00ed p\u0159es Egypt a\u017e po Mezoameriku zanechaly za sebou majest\u00e1tn\u00ed pyramidy, kter\u00e9 slou\u017eily jako sv\u011bdectv\u00ed jejich architektonick\u00e9 zdatnosti a kulturn\u00edho p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed. Tyto monument\u00e1ln\u00ed stavby, vybudovan\u00e9 jako hrobky, chr\u00e1my a ob\u0159adn\u00ed centra, dokazuj\u00ed pozoruhodnou vynal\u00e9zavost a technick\u00e9 dovednosti na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Egypt je proslul\u00fd sv\u00fdmi ikonick\u00fdmi pyramidami; po cel\u00e9 zemi se jich nach\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159es 100. D\u017eoserova pyramida, vybudovan\u00e1 kolem roku 2630 p\u0159. n. l., je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za nejstar\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1mou pyramidu, vystav\u011bnou ve stup\u0148ovit\u00e9m designu, kter\u00fd se pozd\u011bji vyvinul do klasick\u00e9ho geometrick\u00e9ho tvaru pyramid, jak je zn\u00e1me dnes.<\/p>\n\n
Velk\u00e1 pyramida v G\u00edze, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako Cheopsova pyramida, je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161ech starov\u011bk\u00fdch pyramid. Byla postavena kolem roku 2551 p\u0159. n. l. a obsahuje p\u0159es 2 miliony kamenn\u00fdch blok\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jej\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ka \u010din\u00ed 137 metr\u016f. Tento architektonick\u00fd z\u00e1zrak byl kdysi po dobu v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159i tis\u00edcilet\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk\u016fm vybudovanou stavbou na sv\u011bt\u011b a dodnes z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jedinou dochovanou stavbou ze starov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u0159eck\u00e9ho seznamu Sedmi div\u016f sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n\n
V peru\u00e1nsk\u00e9 vyso\u010din\u011b vybudoval p\u0159edkolumbovsk\u00fd lid Chav\u00edn v obdob\u00ed mezi lety 900 a 200 p\u0159. n. l. komplex chr\u00e1mu Chav\u00edn. Tento rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd komplex sest\u00e1v\u00e1 ze \u201estar\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu\u201c a \u201enov\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu\u201c, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e oba byly postaveny z obd\u00e9ln\u00edkov\u00fdch kamenn\u00fdch blok\u016f ve tvaru ploch\u00fdch pyramid. Zdobn\u00e9 \u0159ezby, chodby a vodn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee slou\u017eil k n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm ritu\u00e1l\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n
Starobyl\u00e9 m\u011bsto Teotihuac\u00e1n ve st\u0159edn\u00edm Mexiku je domovem mnoha impozantn\u00edch pyramid, v\u010detn\u011b Pyramidy Slunce. Tato kolos\u00e1ln\u00ed stavba, s \u010dtvercovou z\u00e1kladnou o \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed 222 metr\u016f, m\u00e1 p\u011bt stup\u0148ovit\u00fdch pater a kdysi dosahovala v\u00fd\u0161ky p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed 60 metr\u016f. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se pod\u00e9l Cesty mrtv\u00fdch, centr\u00e1ln\u00ed cesty spojuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 a ob\u0159adn\u00ed centra m\u011bsta.<\/p>\n\n
V regionu centr\u00e1ln\u00edho S\u00fad\u00e1nu, zn\u00e1m\u00e9m jako N\u00fabie, bylo postaveno stovky pyramid\u00e1ln\u00edch hrobek v obdob\u00ed mezi lety 300 p\u0159. n. l. a 300 n. l. Tyto n\u00fabijsk\u00e9 pyramidy, vybudovan\u00e9 z na\u010dervenal\u00e9ho p\u00edskovce, jsou men\u0161\u00ed a u\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jejich prot\u011bj\u0161ky v Egypt\u011b. P\u0159esto\u017ee v pr\u016fb\u011bhu stalet\u00ed utrp\u011bly po\u0161kozen\u00ed, z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm pohledem.<\/p>\n\n
Velk\u00e1 pyramida v Cholule, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v modern\u00edm mexick\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b Puebla, je jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch starov\u011bk\u00fdch pam\u00e1tek na sv\u011bt\u011b. Tento kolos\u00e1ln\u00ed pyramidov\u00fd komplex, zn\u00e1m\u00fd pod sv\u00fdm form\u00e1ln\u00edm n\u00e1zvem Tlachihualtepetl, pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 18 hektar\u016f a jeho v\u00fd\u0161ka je 54 metr\u016f. Byl vybudov\u00e1n ve f\u00e1z\u00edch p\u0159edkolumbovsk\u00fdmi n\u00e1rody a pozd\u011bji jej Azt\u00e9kov\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali jako chr\u00e1m pro sv\u00e9ho boha Quetzalcoatla. Po \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9m dobyt\u00ed byl na vrcholu travnat\u00e9 pyramidy postaven katolick\u00fd kostel.<\/p>\n\n
Ve starov\u011bk\u00e9 Mezopot\u00e1mii byl zikkurat typem chr\u00e1mu s n\u011bkolika patry. Zikkurat v Uru, postaven\u00fd v polovin\u011b 21. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l., je impozantn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem t\u00e9to architektonick\u00e9 formy. P\u016fvodn\u011b m\u011bl t\u0159i patra terasovit\u00fdch cihel spojen\u00fdch schodi\u0161ti a na vrcholu chr\u00e1m boha M\u011bs\u00edce. \u010casem byl erodov\u00e1n, ale babylon\u0161t\u00ed a modern\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 jej restaurovali.<\/p>\n\n
Tikal byl v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm m\u011bstsk\u00fdm a ob\u0159adn\u00edm centrem maysk\u00e9 civilizace v letech 300 a\u017e 900 n. l. Mezi jeho mnoha pam\u00e1tkami je p\u011bt pyramid\u00e1ln\u00edch chr\u00e1m\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b Pyramidy IV. Tento nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed chr\u00e1m, zakon\u010den\u00fd Chr\u00e1mem dvouhlav\u00e9ho hada, je vysok\u00fd 65 metr\u016f. Pot\u00e9, co Mayov\u00e9 opustili Tikal, byly tyto pyramidy po stalet\u00ed ztraceny v de\u0161tn\u00e9m pralese, dokud je v 19. stolet\u00ed znovu neobjevili evrop\u0161t\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00edci. Dnes je Tikal sv\u011btov\u00fdm d\u011bdictv\u00edm UNESCO.<\/p>\n\n
V \u0158\u00edm\u011b v It\u00e1lii stoj\u00ed Cestiova pyramida jako neobvykl\u00fd, ale fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad starov\u011bk\u00e9 architektury. Byla postavena kolem roku 12 p\u0159. n. l. jako hrobka pro \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edka. Tato \u0161pi\u010dat\u00e1 pyramida je vyrobena z betonu pokryt\u00e9ho b\u00edl\u00fdm mramorem a na vnit\u0159n\u00edch st\u011bn\u00e1ch jsou malby. Je m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e1 ne\u017e nedalek\u00e9 hrobky b\u00e1sn\u00edk\u016f Johna Keatse a Percyho Bysshe Shelleyho.<\/p>\n\n
Starov\u011bk\u00e9 pyramidy z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed symboly lidsk\u00e9 vynal\u00e9zavosti a bohat\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f. Jejich architektonick\u00e1 vzne\u0161enost a historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam neust\u00e1le fascinuj\u00ed a inspiruj\u00ed lidi po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Tyto kolos\u00e1ln\u00ed stavby slou\u017e\u00ed jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka civilizac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je vybudovaly, a trval\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 po sob\u011b zanechaly.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Starov\u011bk\u00e9 pyramidy: Architektonick\u00e9 divy nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d civilizacemi Historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam a architektonick\u00e1 vynal\u00e9zavost Starov\u011bk\u00e9 civilizace po\u010d\u00ednaje Mezopot\u00e1mi\u00ed p\u0159es Egypt a\u017e po Mezoameriku zanechaly za sebou majest\u00e1tn\u00ed pyramidy, kter\u00e9 slou\u017eily jako sv\u011bdectv\u00ed jejich…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7586],"tags":[88,297,4548,89,4952,5519,1643,21518],"class_list":["post-16222","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ancient-civilizations","tag-archaeology","tag-architecture","tag-egypt","tag-cultural-heritage","tag-mesoamerica","tag-pyramids","tag-ancient-history","tag-world-heritage-sites"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16222","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16222"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16222\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16223,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16222\/revisions\/16223"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16222"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16222"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16222"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}