{"id":16230,"date":"2024-05-24T05:25:55","date_gmt":"2024-05-24T05:25:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16230"},"modified":"2024-05-24T05:25:55","modified_gmt":"2024-05-24T05:25:55","slug":"the-carnegie-a-voyage-into-the-earths-magnetic-field","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/earth-and-planetary-sciences\/the-carnegie-a-voyage-into-the-earths-magnetic-field\/","title":{"rendered":"Carnegie: Cesta do nitra Zem\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

Carnegie: Cesta do nitra Zem\u011b<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159elomov\u00e1 lo\u010f<\/h2>\n\n

Carnegie, nemagnetick\u00e1 lo\u010f postaven\u00e1 v roce 1909, se vydala na sedm pr\u016flomov\u00fdch v\u00fdprav, aby zmapovala zemsk\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 pole. Lo\u010f, vyroben\u00e1 z odoln\u00e9ho dubu a oregonsk\u00e9 borovice, m\u011bla dv\u011b pozorovac\u00ed kopule pro magnetick\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a \u0159adu p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f pro sb\u011br geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch dat.<\/p>\n\n

James Percy Ault: Oddan\u00fd kapit\u00e1n<\/h2>\n\n

James Percy Ault, uzn\u00e1van\u00fd v\u011bdec, byl kapit\u00e1nem Carnegie po dobu 25 let. Poh\u00e1n\u011bn celo\u017eivotn\u00ed v\u00e1\u0161n\u00ed pro pr\u016fzkum, vyplul p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 250 000 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch mil a zdokumentoval sv\u00e9 z\u00e1\u017eitky ve v\u00edce ne\u017e 1 000 dopis\u016f sv\u00e9 rodin\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Magnetick\u00e9 mapov\u00e1n\u00ed a naviga\u010dn\u00ed mapy<\/h2>\n\n

Prim\u00e1rn\u00edm posl\u00e1n\u00edm Carnegie bylo zmapovat zemsk\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 pole. To zahrnovalo m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 deklinace, \u00fahlu mezi magnetick\u00fdm severem a prav\u00fdm severem. P\u0159esn\u00e1 data o deklinaci byla z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro opravu naviga\u010dn\u00edch map a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dopravy.<\/p>\n\n

Oce\u00e1nografick\u00fd pr\u016fzkum<\/h2>\n\n

Krom\u011b sv\u00e9ho magnetick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu prov\u00e1d\u011bla Carnegie tak\u00e9 oce\u00e1nografick\u00e9 studie. P\u0159\u00edstroje m\u011b\u0159ily hloubky oce\u00e1nu, teploty, vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 proudy a atmosf\u00e9rickou elekt\u0159inu. Tato data poskytla cenn\u00e9 poznatky o sv\u011btov\u00fdch oce\u00e1nech a atmosf\u00e9\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n

Antarktick\u00e1 expedice<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 1915 se Carnegie vydala na tr\u00fdznivou cestu kolem Antarktidy. Lo\u010f proplouvala kolem 133 ledov\u00fdch ker a v noci se pl\u00ed\u017eila k neodhalen\u00fdm ker\u00e1m. Ault mohl b\u00fdt sv\u011bdkem pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed se od zmrzl\u00fdch povrch\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Posledn\u00ed plavba<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 1929 se Carnegie vydala na svou posledn\u00ed cestu, 110 000 mil dlouhou expedici za \u00fa\u010delem shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed oce\u00e1nografick\u00fdch i magnetick\u00fdch dat. Po n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b lo\u010f zakotvila v Apii na Samoe.<\/p>\n\n

Tragick\u00fd z\u00e1nik<\/h2>\n\n
    \n
  1. listopadu 1929 zabur\u00e1cela z podpalub\u00ed exploze a zachv\u00e1tila Carnegie plameny. Kapit\u00e1n Ault byl vyhozen do oce\u00e1nu, kde podlehl sv\u00fdm zran\u011bn\u00edm. V\u00fdbuch potopil lo\u010f a ukon\u010dil jej\u00ed p\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed po oce\u00e1nografick\u00e9m a magnetick\u00e9m pr\u016fzkumu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    V\u011bdeck\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

    P\u0159es sv\u016fj tragick\u00fd konec zanechala Carnegie trval\u00fd odkaz. V\u00fdzkum lodi, kter\u00fd byl z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti zkop\u00edrov\u00e1n a odesl\u00e1n do Washingtonu, poskytl neoceniteln\u00e1 data pro v\u011bdeckou komunitu. P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky Carnegie d\u00e1le posunuly porozum\u011bn\u00ed magnetismu, oce\u00e1nografie a syst\u00e9m\u016f Zem\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

    James Percy Ault: V\u011bdec a objevitel<\/h2>\n\n

    Ault nebyl jen zku\u0161en\u00fd navig\u00e1tor, ale tak\u00e9 oddan\u00fd v\u011bdec. Vyu\u017eil sv\u00e9 ctnosti pro hled\u00e1n\u00ed pozn\u00e1n\u00ed a pravdy. Jeho odkaz jako v\u011bdce a objevitele nad\u00e1le inspiruje generace v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

    Vliv Carnegie na geofyziku<\/h2>\n\n

    Carnegie a jej\u00ed pos\u00e1dka sehr\u00e1ly kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli ve shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 6 000 magnetick\u00fdch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch z\u00e1znam\u016f. Tato data v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bla k mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu \u00fasil\u00ed o geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed pochopen\u00ed a polo\u017eila z\u00e1klady pro budouc\u00ed objevy v oblasti magnetismu a oce\u00e1nografie.<\/p>\n\n

    Carnegie: Symbol v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

    P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Carnegie je sv\u011bdectv\u00edm o ne\u00fanavn\u00e9m hled\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho pozn\u00e1n\u00ed. Navzdory v\u00fdzv\u00e1m a rizik\u016fm se lo\u010f a jej\u00ed pos\u00e1dka v\u011bnovaly zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1had Zem\u011b a zanechaly po sob\u011b trval\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Carnegie: Cesta do nitra Zem\u011b P\u0159elomov\u00e1 lo\u010f Carnegie, nemagnetick\u00e1 lo\u010f postaven\u00e1 v roce 1909, se vydala na sedm pr\u016flomov\u00fdch v\u00fdprav, aby zmapovala zemsk\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 pole. Lo\u010f, vyroben\u00e1 z odoln\u00e9ho dubu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23508,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1694],"tags":[21530,3638,1302,564,572],"class_list":["post-16230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-earth-and-planetary-sciences","tag-carnegie-ship","tag-magnetic-field","tag-oceanography","tag-exploration","tag-earth-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16230","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16230"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16230\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16231,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16230\/revisions\/16231"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23508"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16230"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16230"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}